Another day, another set of data... I've been investigating what I call "peripheral" data sets in order to get a different perspective on how previously unseen or unmeasured activity affects the overall operation of our company. In my last post, I looked at how our busyness could be represented by the volume of communication over our internal project management system from one month to the next. In looking at that picture, I realized that the volume of activity is much more drastically affected by maintenance work for our clients than by new projects. I classify "maintenance" as any work done for an existing client- it's a pretty broad spectrum, but since our new project process is so regimented, the split in categories is pretty realistic as far as our company's day to day experience is concerned. When I noticed that October of 2008 had the highest volume of communication, I wondered what our maintenance sales were that month and how they related to new project sales. Sales data is the easiest information for me to dig up, but I wasn't interested in the particular sales totals as much as the relationship between the numbers.

This brings me to the graph you see above. As I said, I wasn't so much interested in how much we sold from one month to the next as I was about the breakdown of sales- how much of it was new business and how much of it was maintenance. So, I determined the percentage of each month's sales total for the past few years that came from new projects and maintenance. For example, the graph above shows that in October, 2008, 37% of the month's sales total came from new project sales while 63% came from maintenance. No wonder we had so many posts to our project management system that month! As you can tell from glancing at the graph, this is a relatively infrequent occurrence; more often than not, the new project sales account for the majority of the total. When I first plotted the data, I didn't add the percentage values because I was more interested in the general relationship, as well as any trends that might be perceivable from visualizing the data. Again, glancing at the graph seems sufficient to conclude that there are no obvious patterns, nor an obvious trend in any direction (i.e. maintenance percentages trending upward or downward).

Averages and Average Averages
Then I wondered about averages. The data set covers three years, but it isn't three full years. Additionally, the current year has a couple of extreme cases (January, in which maintenance accounted for only 19% of the sales total, and September, in which new projects accounted for only 2%), so I decided to look only at 2008's average.

In the chart above, I plotted out a spectrum displaying only the percentages of total sales accounted for by maintenance sales-- the lowest, 24%, came in July of 2008, while the highest, 71%, came in August. Two concurrent months bookending the spectrum seems to clearly show that there isn't a seasonal correlation. But back to averages, the average maintenance sales percentage for 2008 was 41%. What's interesting about this is that 8 months out of 12 were less than or equal to the average, leaving only 4 months in 2008 that exceeded it. If I isolate 2007, the average maintenance percentage for the 7 months plotted is 42%. If I isolate 2010, the average maintenance percentage for the 10 months plotted so far is 38%. These numbers are pretty close together. In fact, only 11 months out of the plotted 29 had maintenance percentages that exceeded 41%, which is a "score" of 40%. Maybe there is some significance to 40%...?

Ultimately, I'd love to see the percentage of maintenance account for more consistently higher amount. I think doing more work for fewer clients is to our and our clients' advantage- it fits in with my motto of what we want to do: Serve fewer clients at a higher level. I believe we'll get there.

One last thing: The graph above doesn't show the number of new projects sold on a month to month basis. In 2007, the average was 4.1. In 2008, the average was 4. This year, the average so far is 2.6. To me, that's the kind of decrease I want to see. It means that we're selling fewer projects on a monthly basis this year, but at higher costs each (fewer at a higher level). So, all in all, one more piece of the puzzle...

In my last post in what is becoming series on measurement, I started off with my hypothesis that our company is like an ecosystem, "comprised of many areas of unseen activity" in addition to the sort of seen activity you'd expect (sales, individual projects, relationships, etc.). So, in trying to verify my hypothesis, I've been gathering data representing all kinds of unseen and unmeasured activity to see how it relates to the big picture as I've understood it so far. I started with looking at our blogging activity over the past three years and noticed that the months where we posted less loosely corresponded to what we tend to think of anecdotally as "busy" times for our company. That made me wonder- how else could I measure "busyness"? Looking at sales data wouldn't quite do it, because those numbers would correspond to the beginning of a project, so the trendline of sales may not match up exactly with that of volume of work over time. However, looking at the volume of communication using our internal project management system might help me discern at trendline for "busyness."

Unfortunately, there was no simple way to do this. Our system doesn't have reporting tools that would tell me how many logs were completed for a particular period of time. However, since I receive an alert every time a log goes through our system, I realized that I could isolate those messages in my Gmail account and... count them one by one. Actually, I ended up counting them 50 by 50, since that's the page limit in Gmail's search results (see image at left). Needless to say, it took a while, but I did uncover some interesting things.

First, let me describe the metrics shown in the graph above. The vertical axis represents the number of individual logs posted by Newfangled employees to our project management system (these might be messages checking in on production progress, updating the task description, asking or answering questions, posting files, etc.). As you might imagine, a project of even minimal complexity would have many such messages, particularly as we have people collaborating on projects who work in separate offices. More obviously, the horizontal axis represents months over the past two years.

The first thing I noticed was the dramatic increase between August (1191 logs) and October (3132) of 2008. To put the number in perspective, October's total averages to about 136 logs posted per day (there were 23 business days that month)! That's in addition to all the phone and in-person conversations that occur here each day. In fact, we haven't had a month with that level of communication volume since. I cross referenced this number with our sales from October of 2008, and it turns out that, in addition to the two new projects we signed that month, we also did 57 different new functionality upgrades to existing client sites. That was the highest number of upgrades in one month for the entire year. With that in mind, 3132 project logs makes much more sense. We were busy.

Here are some Newfanglders. They may not look like it, but some of them were probably communicating using our project management system the moment this picture was taken.

However, I then thought to cross reference the lowest month shown, June of 2008, with the sales from that month to see if they were correspondingly lower. While the number was less (3 new projects signed, 43 new functional upgrades), the overall communication volume wasn't proportionate. It should have been a higher number if there was a direct correlation. Especially since the previous month, May of 2008, we'd signed 7 new projects and done 55 functional upgrades. There would certainly be some bleed from May to June in terms of project communication. While October, 2008 is the peak, the numbers tend to level off in the mid-2000's after that, though there is another peak in October, 2009. I don't think sales are the complete explanation for this, but I do have a couple of ideas about other factors that could.

The first factor is the number of employees using the system. Between May and October of 2008, we hired 4 new employees- three Project Manager Assistants and one Resourcer. These roles were essential to a new system we'd been establishing to make sure our service remained excellent while the complexity of our work increased. The Project Management teams use this system constantly to communicate and log project progress, and the Resourcer is constantly checking in on every task to watch progress and utilization. No wonder the number jumped so drastically! The other factor helps to explain the pattern, in that we are again seeing a jump this October despite not having a corresponding growth in personnel- that factor is the pre-holidays rush. This happens every year, where existing clients and new prospects are eager to get work completed or scheduled before the holidays and especially the new year. There's something about these calendar landmarks that put the pressure on, not to mention the common need to allocate funds before the end of the financial year.

This was an interesting exercise. Little by little, measuring these "peripheral" data sets is giving me a much better sense of the big picture.

I have a hypothesis that our company is much like an ecosystem--comprised of many areas of unseen activity in addition to the very visible activity. With that in mind, I've been collecting data for the past few weeks that is a bit different from what I might normally look at (i.e. website and financial data). I want to see what unknown connections there might be between what we do intentionally and what we do unintentionally.

The graph above, containing one set of data from my "peripheral data collection" of late, shows the number of blog posts we've published since starting the Newfangled blog back in October, 2006. Throughout these three years, we've never had any established quota for publishing frequency, so I wondered what conclusions I might be able to make from looking at post frequency from the beginning until now. One immediate conclusion I can make is that this is not a large enough sample of data to support identifying significant cycles. There are only two full years represented, and the truth of the matter is that our blogging was fairly inconsistent during those three years for pretty discernable reasons. The first is due to population. From 2007 through 2009, we added 9 new employees to our team, all of whom have contributed to the blog. We also lost a few who blogged from time to time. The second is due to a sense of purpose. When we first started, many of our post were culturally oriented, "look-what-I-found" kinds of posts. It wasn't really until July of 2008, when I published a post called Newfangled Blogging 2.0 that we really began to focus our efforts. In fact, July of 2008 was a time when we were focusing on defining a web content strategy in earnest, blogging being just one piece. After that, we started to plan our writing- identifying topics we wanted to see covered in the blog, making the frequency more consistent and encouraging more people to write. We've been moderately successful in that; our production schedule does make it a challenge to do all that we want to do. But, we're getting the hang of it.

Note, for example, the May-June-July pattern that shows up in 2008 and repeats in 2009. That's an interesting trend. It used to be that summers were a slower time at Newfangled. But since 2007, summers have been the opposite. They've been very, very busy, so I'm not surprised to see the decrease in blogging at the outset of that season. I also wonder if we'll uncover a similar pattern in October-November-December. Time will tell.

"What is this worth?" "Is this working?" "What should we change?"

Ok, so you should be pretty psyched about data. If you're not yet, I've done you a favor and gathered together nine posts from the past year that are all about data. Don't worry, they're not terribly technical, and each includes a helpful visualization that is created to help communicate the key point concluded from the data collected. Go nuts!

The list below is ordered from newest to oldest.

3 Years of Sales Data	2 Years of Communication Data	3 Years of Blogging Data
6 Months of Referral Data	6 Months of Campaign Data	Top 3 Analytics Metrics
Impact of Specific Referrals	2 Years of Newsletter Data	1 Week's Email Data
1 Year of Campaign Tracking Data	1 Month of CTA Data	1 Day of Timesheet Data

Until I get seduced by the perfect reading device, I'm pretty convinced that there is untapped power and potential in print-on-demand (for example, check out the Espresso Book Machine. Russell Davies, the person who, believe it or not, first exposed me to the idea of print-on-demand, says it perfectly:

My favourite example is this: Things I Word Rather Read On Paper. Is it combines what the web does well; publishing, gathering, discovering and curating content (via instapaper) with what print does well; being readable, durable and portable.

As I read that, I realized I should probably put together a post that outlines my process of gathering, discovering and curating content- it's a fairly complicated one when you take into account all the various channels for finding, experiencing and sharing information. But, it is one way of being a human synthesizer- a necessary discipline for people in our industry. For now, though, I wanted to again share the printed side of it- particularly because I'm in awe of how good of a job Lulu.com does. I submitted my files and had my book within several days; the quality of the book itself is very, very good.

The image below shows an interior spread of my "A Year of Ideas" book, which includes an image by Lauris Paulus and an article titled The Street as Platform by Dan Hill. (Lauris and Dan, don't worry, I'm not selling this book. It's just for me.)

- - -

Here are the other two books I've created using Lulu.com. The book on the left was the first one I created last March. The book on the right is the second one I created shortly after in April:

"It's 5:30 a.m. on a Saturday, and a white delivery truck for the New Jersey Record has just pulled into the parking lot outside the Plaza Diner in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The driver -- Mike, who asked that his last name not be used -- is at one of his 130 stops on an eight-hour shift that began at midnight. Mike's job, which takes less than a couple of minutes per stop, entails filling the coin-operated machine with the day's papers, collecting unsold copies and emptying the machine of its coins. Even though Mike has a full schedule and lots of stops, it doesn't equate to pushing as many papers as he once did. Mike loads 15 copies of the Record into one machine -- and that's a good load, he says. Other locations receive only five to seven copies. He's also tasked with filling machines for USA Today. Though he's been on this job for only two years, Mike has been on the route long enough to know business is down. He says newspapers sell better at train stations than from the street machines he services."

The Solution?
The image below represents the solution to the inefficiencies of the vending box model. TimesReader is an application that pulls New York Times content to your computer every day in a more "traditional" reading format than the New York Times website. It also archives up to a week of back "papers" and allows all kinds of unique navigation options. In addition to more content, subscribers get an ad-free interface. For now,though, the website, which provides all New York Times content unrestricted will be the "solution" for people like me. But at some point, The New York Times, and other leading newspapers, will figure out a paid model and the TimesReader will be there to pick it up- particularly if additional devices (such as the rumored Apple tablet) strike deals with newspapers-- see the video with Bill Keller at the end of this post for more on that subject.

The Real Problem
The real problem isn't really the method of delivery. See, the vending box method may seem like an inefficient vestige of the past (which it is, in some respects), but we shouldn't necessarily consider the online solutions as preferable on the basis of perceived simplicity. I think that the contemporary delivery methods are probably dependent upon significantly more complex systems. With the print model, there is one "template" and several delivery methods (homes, businesses, boxes, and particular vendor outlets). With the online model, there are multiple templates (website, emails, unique content channels, advertising, mobile applications, etc.) and the massive conundrum of delivery (from once daily to constant delivery to a multiplicity of formats).

The real problem is regaining a perception of value, which, in part, requires an accurate perception of complexity. I'm not sure how likely that is- it's going to depend upon the unique perspectives of individuals everywhere. (For example, consider the perspective of the vending box delivery driver once that system is phased out.) But that aside, the current climate of content consumption is driven by our expectation that it's all free.

The graph shown to the left (courtesy of The Awl) highlights an overall diminishing circulation trend among the major U.S. papers (the Boston Globe sank below the 400K mark, which is why it does not appear on the chart). However, the Wall Street Journal appears to be enjoying a healthier reality than the others. Because of the overall decline in circulation, though, advertising is waning and news offices are laying off many journalists (and plenty of other positions integral to the production process). None of this is going to be solved (even by a micropayment scheme) until we recognize the value of the systems required in order to produce this content and act upon that recognition.

The Real Solution
So, I don't exactly know what the real solution is, but I do know it has everything to do with perception of value. With newspapers, the value hierarchy begins with the inherent value of the information itself, followed by the value of the thinking behind it-- the writers, editors, producers, etc., followed by the value of the organizational systems, followed by the delivery systems, followed by the value of the corporeal product itself. It's clear what's expendable. I also know that many other industries besides journalism are facing this very same issue right now, including our own. For us, and companies like ours, the value hierarchy is very similar to that of a newspaper. Much of our costs have more to do with planning than implementation, and despite our knowledge that the planning is the foundation of any product, getting the customer to recognize the value of it a challenge. That's why we've spent the majority of the past year highlighting the value and necessity of planning, slowly changing the culture of our small corner of the web. I hope that a similar progression occurs in other industries as well.

In the video below, Bill Keller speaks to the digital group at the New York Times, and speaks to many of the topics I've mentioned above-- potential pricing models, new delivery methods, and new technologies to fulfill them...

- - -

Bill Keller speaks to the digital group at The New York Times from Nieman Journalism Lab on Vimeo.

"Peter, I think this is a great idea. We've done lots of pro bono work in the past, both for organizations we care about and for friends and family connections. The only place it can get sticky is if your business model includes long-term support. For us (we're a web development firm), we host and maintain every site we build, which means that if a client got that initial site for free, we either have to consider everything we do for them moving forward as free, or deal with the tricky step of transitioning them from pro-bono to paying client. Even if that client is willing to become a paying one, the leap can be tough- when you're used to getting something for free for a long time, suddenly paying what it's actually worth is not that easy. To that point, we've negotiated that transition with varying degrees of success, such that we have to think carefully about how our business model will realistically impact our desire to do pro bono work every now and then."

Journalists Love a Good Debate
I was a bit nervous about potentially being seen as a naysayer. After all, the predominant tone of the marketing industry in the current social media era is one of sharing and generosity. Amidst that, who would want to be perceived as a Scrooge? As you'll see if you read through the comment string, there were opinions on all sides.

Then, in September, I received a call from Kasey Wehrum, writer for Inc. Magazine. He'd seen my comment on the AdAge blog while doing research for a piece he was writing on the benefits of pro-bono work for November's issue and wanted to ask me some questions about our experience and pull some quotes for his article. We spoke for about thirty minutes or so, during which I stressed that though we've done much pro-bono work due to existing relationships with various causes that employees have had, the notion of using pro-bono work as a strategy to build business was never one we adopted for two reasons: (1) Doing so would be contrary to any consultant's positioning. If consultants choose to give away advice, it should be because they truly care about the cause. Doing so with the expectation that it could be turned profitable would be disingenuous. (2) When your primary deliverable is incorporeal (advice, strategy, direction, etc.), getting a client to start paying for that kind of service after they've already been receiving it for free is very, very difficult- even if they say they are willing.

Requisite Benefits-of-Social-Media Interlude
I should point out that this scenario is a great example of the unplanned serendipity of social media. It's become a habit of mine to actively engage with other blogs in my industry, so it wasn't unusual for me to share my opinion on the AdAge blog. What was unusual, to me at least, is that the post that I had commented on, and indeed my comment itself, became research material for a journalist at a major publication. I was glad to share my opinion and experience with Kasey Wehrum, who was a pleasure to speak with, but was surprised that I might be of any help to him. There must be others more qualified than I. However, having commented immediately on Peter Madden's post put me in the right place at the right time.

Still a Naysayer
As it turns out, the article took a different direction from what I thought it was going to be about. It's titled Using Charitable Donations to Motivate Employees. Wehrum uses an example of a software company which built an offering for a pro-bono client and was then able to demo it to another company which became a paying customer. Pro-pro-bono, but no problem there- I think my point still stands when it comes to consultative work. In any case, the remaining reference to our conversation was disappointing:

"Keep in mind that beggars can be surprisingly choosy. Sometimes companies have to draw the line about what nonprofits can get for free. Newfangled Web Factory, a Carrboro, North Carolina, Web design firm, lets its employees work on pro bono projects of their choosing during slow times at work. Most of the projects consist of designing and building websites, which are then hosted on Newfangled's servers.

These ongoing relationships, in which the charity becomes reliant on Newfangled's continuing service, have led to some problems. Occasionally, one of the nonprofits the company helps will undergo a reorganization, and the new staff will want to revamp its website. "They'll get in touch with us and want to make a whole lot of changes," says Chris Butler, Newfangled's vice president. When the requests are too great, Newfangled politely but firmly says no."

Oh well. We're really not Scrooges here at Newfangled! I did leave a clarifying comment, which I hope won't be seen as overly defensive:

"One point I'd want to clarify is this: In the past when we've chosen to do pro-bono work, it has been because we've believed in the cause, not in order to gain a potential paying client at some later point.

When it comes to service-oriented firms and consultants, transitioning a pro-bono client to a paying client is very difficult as you've already been giving them your best advice for free. For any agency, this should be a serious consideration when entertaining the strategy of getting a foot in the door by offering free service. However, if the scope of the offering has been limited to implementation only (i.e. a website), there could definitely be potential to expand the scope of your service when the client is able to pay.

Also, we do politely say no once the client's need exceeds our ability to subsidize it, but we also almost always connect them to someone else who can help them."

Here's a scan of the article. Click to open it in full size:

This month's newsletter is finally out. I waited until today to publish it because I discovered last year that publishing a newsletter a day or two before Halloween resulted in the lowest readership I'd seen in a long time (see the tracking data for yourself).

The newsletter's title is Who Are You Speaking To? How does that relate to robots? The gist of it is that we often focus so much on search engine optimization that we end up creating our content more for robots than for people. Then we wonder why our site isn't delivering any return on the investment of time and resources we sink in.

Head over and read it in full >

If it is about content, will snippets trump books and will we all be dumber for it? As someone who has never mastered the art of the snippet, let me proudly count myself as one who still sees profound value in the long form where texture and nuance can be teased out and explored... Snippets of information, loosely coupled, have enormous value in enhancing peripheral awareness and provoking new ideas. At the same time, snippets of information alone are deeply dangerous. They distract us with never-ending waves of surface events, spreading us ever thinner and obscuring the deeper structures and dynamics that ultimately are shaping these surface events. Those of us who stay only on the surface, swimming in a sea of snippets, will ultimately lose sight of land. We need books, or whatever the digital long forms of content are that will replace the book, to help us penetrate the surface and explore the deeper structures and dynamics that make sense of the changes around us.

Don't Panic! We're in the thick of it, but all is not lost.
Ultimately, I think that Hagel is right. In fact, I agree with many of the thinkers who are concerned with the future of literacy in light of our digital life. I am concerned too. When writer's like Nicholas Carr talk about not being able to focus on a book like they used to, I can relate. But I'm not ready to declare a state of emergency. I think we're in the middle of a significant shift in the way we engage with information and learn because of technology and that there's no compelling reason to assume that reading will die. For more optimism like this, watch Andrea Lunsford, a researcher at Standford University, describe her study which led her to conclude that student writing ability has not declined as a result of recent technological changes.

There is a place for both short and long-form writing.
In the meantime, there is a place for both short and long-form writing. Each form has merit as a content strategy, depending upon the goals the writer has. In a presentation I gave recently called Professional Writing for the Unprofessional Writer, I elaborated on the different functions of short formats (i.e. blogs), and longer formats (i.e. monthly newsletter articles or whitepapers). Here's the gist of it:

Short-Form (Blogs)
Blogs take a cumulative approach to tell an ongoing story with many short posts. In other words, if you blog on behalf of your company, you'll want to think long term, allowing the "idea" or identity of the company to be worked out over potentially years of regular posting. Remember, blogs are essentially relational, so when someone subscribes to your blog's RSS feed, they're making a commitment to getting to know you and/or your company. The way you write should respond to that fact. One other thing that I really value about blogging is that it provides a good opportunity to explore new and untested ideas. I feel free to ruminate on things that might be risky and even say things that I'll disagree with later when writing for our blog in a way that I don't with our newsletter.

Long-Form (Newsletter Articles)
Long format writing, on the other hand, develops a single idea in a more in-depth manner contained in one article. This kind of writing requires a more strategic approach. Because of the infrequency of this format (for example, I write one newsletter article each month) your ideas need to be as tested as possible. You're going "on the record" in each article, and at the rate of 12 a year, it will take much longer to bury an idea that you've come to disagree with than it might had you written about it in your blog.

Patience
The only additional consideration of the long-form is that it is much more difficult to win readers than it is with short-formats. It obviously requires much more investment- attention and time- of the reader to get through multiple pages of content, so you have to captivate them early. This is not easy. I'm not sure I know how to do this consistently.

No matter what format you choose to write with, you must be patient and let your voice develop over time. Writing is an art that takes years of repetitive practice to do even passingly well. Again, I'm not sure where I am with that, but I know by reading things I wrote even last year that any improvement from then I owe to the commitment to regular writing.

Over the past several months, I've tried to keep a closer eye on how our newsletter campaigns are performing to see if I can draw any conclusions as to what makes one more successful than another. What I've decided is that it all depends upon what you mean by successful...

If It's All About Clickthroughs...
If I evaluate success in terms of the amount of readers who click through to our website from the campaign emails I send out each month, then the winner over the last six months is clear: Doing More with Less came in with more than double the clicks of the next highest performing newsletter, A Practical Guide to Social Media, which had 229. I have some pretty clear ideas as to why this particular newsletter had so much immediate interest:

1. Adapting the Title
   The title "Doing More with Less" is nice and short, and communicates something that would probably appeal to many in our industry, but it's not very specific. That's why I adapted the title a bit in the email version of the newsletter that I sent out. I retitled it to read: "Doing More with Less: 9 Simple Ways to Get More from Your Website." It's much longer, but it quickly communicates what this newsletter is going to be specifically- a list of 9 potential website upgrades that will enable you to do more with less with your website.
2. Imagery
   On the site version of "Doing More with Less," I used an image of Buckminster Fuller next to a quote by him about the idea of doing more with less. The entire lead-in to the article was about him and why he said, "Call Me Trimtab (read it to find out why)." But I had a feeling that an image of Buckminster Fuller would probably not interest many of our subscribers, so they might be likely to ignore this email. I decided to replace it with a simpler image of two screens (see it here).

My guess is that the combination of a more specific title with a simpler image in the email created more interest in the material than had I used the same title and image from the website version.

As you can see from the chart, I'm comparing stats from the first month each particular newsletter article is on our site to the all time stats, so I'll need to wait to see how "Doing More with Less" compares to the others in the months to come.

If It's All About Conversions...
However, if I evaluate success in terms of value added to Newfangled, particularly which articles generated further interest in our material, then I might decide upon a different "winner." The Future of the Web, Part 1 seems to be a contender here. Though it received fewer clickthroughs in its first month (177) and had a higher bounce rate (56%), the average amount of time spent on the site was longer (3:09), the comment string longer (25 comments), and the number of goal conversions highest (60).

Take a Long View
But take a look at what happens when you consider the long-term, or in this case, the stats representing the full amount of time this content has been on our website. From that point of view, I think that A Practical Guide to Social Media may be the winner. It did have more clickthroughs in the first month than "The Future of the Web, Part 1" (229), and a lower bounce rate (44%), but notice the all time numbers: this page has been viewed 1092 times since it was published with an overall average bounce rate of 45%, and has lead to 142 goal conversions- significantly more than any other in the past 6 months.

Evaluating the success of this content strategy is clearly a nuanced procedure that requires some time for data to accrue. Sometimes I find myself disappointed in the immediate response to the newsletters we put out, but in light of this data, it stands to reason that it takes several months to get a realistic picture of the success or failure of any individual article.

Are there any other aspects that I should be looking at? Do you agree with my conclusions?

The debate also largely took the Internet, and specifically the World Wide Web, in its current form as a given.  This is a dangerous assumption given the speed of change in the underlying technology foundations of the Internet. 

As one small example, we are seeing rapid evolution of both social network platforms and physical presence tools that will lead to a much more complex interweaving of physical and virtual environments. Sensors and imaging tools will give us much greater visibility into the world around us.

This point is pretty important, I think. I mentioned the "fractalization" of the web in Part 1 of my Future of the Web article, which speaks to his point about the increasing complexity and interwovenness of the web. In Part 2, I also thought about the shaping of the web by mobile and "web-enhanced" devices. These two concepts are going to have an extremely significant effect upon how the web is shaped and used in the very near future.

Then Hagel goes on to say something fascinating:

Tacit knowledge – that which cannot be readily expressed in published content of any length, whether snippets or books – has always been our most valuable knowledge. You can read all the books you want on brain surgery, but that alone will never qualify you to perform brain surgery. At an even simpler level, no book can teach you how to ride a bicycle.

The ultimate impact of the Internet on our intelligence will hinge on its ability to support the creation and sharing of tacit knowledge. Again, we are at the earliest stages of tapping into this potential.

This is where my skepticism tends to kick in. I often lament the real experiences I'm not having when I'm spending the majority of my time in front of a screen. Granted, I think what Hagel has in mind is that the potential to create and share tacit knowledge over the internet is contingent upon a post-screen web. In other words, a web that can be experienced and shaped away from the desk or handheld device. While such a web would enable tacit knowledge, it will also narrow the divide between the real and the virtual to such a degree that discerning between the two will be a matter of perspective or opinion. This could be frightening, or... something else.

A client recently asked me what I thought the key 3-5 metrics are that he should be focusing his Google Analytics reviews on. The following was essentially the answer I gave him:

I think that the most important metrics to track on a routine basis would vary depending upon the type of business, but for B2B service companies like ours and most of our clients, I'd list them as:

(1) Referrers - This metric has a much more frequent ebb and flow, and tends to be a good indicator of the scope of your reach. For B2B service, the currency of referrals is just as valuable as any lead you'd capture. Referrals also tend to explain spikes in traffic if there are any. Learn more about evaluating your referral traffic >

(2) Top Content - This is ultimately a way of seeing which pages on your site get the most traffic. If there are critical pages on a site that are not among the top 10 or 20- pages that define positioning, state pricing terms, thought leadership, etc., then the goal should be to get them there by working on improving their meta titles, descriptions, and even the copy on those pages. For pages already in the top that should be there, this is a perfect opportunity to evaluate where users go from there and whether the page's popularity can be leveraged with the right call to action. For pages in the top that shouldn't be there (we had a silly blog post called "national donut day" in our top 20 for far too long, skewing our bounce rate), that is an opportunity to adjust its title tag or delete it outright. Learn more about how to evaluate your top website content >

(3) Bounce Rate - This metric is slower to change but is probably the most effective means of evaluating whether your content is matching search intent. For organic search traffic (the most critical source for B2B service companies that actually care about connecting with potential clients with content), it may be impossible to hit unreasonably low goals for bounce rate, but it is always worth trying to tighten it up. For comparison, our bounce rate these days hovers around 64% - we've got a ton of content that would interest people that are not looking to hire a web development company, so that's ok with us- but my goal is to get us down another 10% if possible. Search terms kind of goes hand in hand with this metric. Learn more about how to evaluate your bounce rate >

For a far more in-depth review of Google Analytics reports, check out our newsletter, How to Use Google Analytics or our webinar, Google Analytics 101.

I was honored to be asked to share my (limited) writing experience with a class of undergraduates at Boston College. The image above is one of the slides from my presentation. The neat thing about this engagement was that it was all done online. I was asked to record a short lecture and deliver an mp3 that could be played for the class. I decided to take it a step further and put together a SlideCast so that I could make some fancy pictures, too.

I titled this "Professional Writing for the Unprofessional Writer" because I don't consider myself a professional writer- I'm just a guy who does a lot of writing as part of my job. There is a big difference there, one which I think is probably a reality for many people today. We're all probably doing much more public-facing writing for work than ever before. So, my presentation is basically my perspective as one of those people who need to make their public-facing writing more professional. You can view the deck of slides in high quality in the set I added to my Picasa account, or you can watch the SlideCast below:

This morning I published our September newsletter, Doing More With Less. It's been a while since I wrote something like this, which is much more practical and less conceptual than many of the newsletters have been over the past few months. The first half of the list of "ways to get more" contains things you can do simply and at no cost, while the second half contains slightly more complex and costly changes. My favorite one is the last one on Advanced Search Tools.

I think this one is timely- even though the recession is "officially" over, many of our clients are just as concerned with upgrade costs as ever, if not more conservative with their actual spending. I hope that seeing that there are still things you can do for free will encourage people to continue to build in to their site.

After studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, Eric Holter worked as an engraver and illustrator for Pagano, Schenck & Kay Advertising, then as a web designer at Leonard/Monahan. He founded Newfangled Web Factory in 1995.

This may be the most controversial of my series on advertising agency website gaffes. I’ve been advising agencies to avoid Flash as their website platform for…, well, ever since Flash existed. Let me make it clear from the outset that I’m not against Flash. It’s a great tool that, when used properly, can have a positive impact on website design and functionality. I am, however, against Flash as the primary platform in almost every case (exceptions would include certain website applications, web-based games, and some entertainment-oriented websites). By “primary platform” I mean that the entire website is contained inside a Flash movie file (or series of movie files). I’ve already addressed six reasons why Flash is not a great website development platform in a previous post about Google’s announcement that it now indexes Flash-based content. I suggested six reasons why this was not great news. My overall point was that agencies would now be even more inclined to use Flash–without realizing that there are still significant weakness with the Flash platform. And without very careful attention to Flash programming details, site content can still be locked up by Flash.

Here is a brief recap of the problems identified in the previous post

.

1. Content weakness. Agency sites built in Flash tend to be weak on content and rarely updated.
2. URL Linking. Most Flash sites consist of one large Flash movie. This makes linking to a particular page within an agency site impossible.
3. Meta Data. Even with Google’s changes, Flash-based sites offer very few opportunities for search engine optimization.
4. Content Prioritization. An indexed Flash file is searchable, but the content lacks any underlying tags that help search engines determine the relevance and weight of the content.
5. Content Management. Flash is sometimes chosen not because it’s the best platform for the site, but because it’s the easiest tool (for a designer) to master. Which means the site is not likely to have a robust content management system–which means fewer content updates.
6. Distraction of Style Over Substance. More often than not a Flash-based agency website becomes the creative outlet instead of being a place where the agency showcases their creative work and thinking.

The reasons above (see the post for more details on those points) should be enough to persuade agencies to put Flash away and build their websites using standard web platforms.

But often these objective reasons are not enough. I think that’s because the causes of agency Flash dependence go deeper–so deep in fact, that the objective problems with Flash don’t seem to matter to them. Here are some of the underlying reasons that advertising agencies are so entrenched in Flash.

The Creativity Barrier
The “Creativity Barrier” is one of main causes of agency web strategy failure. Traditional agencies are geared to use their creative talents to help their clients overcome consumer inertia and information overload in order to deliver a message. Getting attention is a prerequisite before anything else can be accomplished. But this dynamic is drastically minimized, even eliminated on the web. People click links or type in URLs on their own initiative–not because their attention has been captured by creativity.

The misaligned creative impulse stems from not understanding the role of creativity in web strategy. But there’s more to it. When it comes to the agency’s own website the creativity barrier gets much stronger due to years of pent-up creative frustrations. When agencies present their creative ideas to clients they usually include a few different options. There’s usually at least one bold creative concept (the agency’s favorite). Then there are the other safer, slightly little less creative ideas. To the creative director’s dismay, clients almost always pick the safer ideas. And sometimes they want to water down the already safe concept–draining out out every last bit of creative boldness.

After years of great creative ideas being reined in by clients, agencies need an outlet with less creative resistance (which is why so many creative awards happen to be for the agency’s pro-bono clients). So when it comes to the agency’s own website there’s no client to muck with great creative ideas. The agency can be as bold as they like. And the Flash platform affords them all sorts of opportunities to go nuts: sound, video, animation, transitions. The agency can finally express its unrestrained creativity.

But in the end, these agency Flash sites (while certainly impressive demonstrations of creativity) end up delivering the wrong message. They succeed at saying “we’re really creative” but at the cost of adding the message “but we don’t get web strategy.” The same site on which you claim expertise for guiding clients into the right strategic mix of marketing channels (usually including web) betrays this claim–at least in regard to web strategy. Your example states “we’re willing to forgo a powerful marketing channel for an opportunity to be really creative.”

Project Orientation Rather Than Strategic Orientation
Most “process” pages on agency websites follow something like this pattern: step one–we {evaluate, research, ask, orient}, step two–we {think, plan, strategize}, step three–we {design, create, innovate}, and step four–we {evaluate, measure, refine}. Each step usually starts with a “D” or “P” for alliteration. There’s nothing wrong with this kind of page (though they’re not as differentiating as they ought to be). But have you ever read such a page that didn’t not include a think, plan, or strategize step? Of course not. Nobody proceeds straight to design without thinking first.

Now this may hurt a bit. If we’re sober and honest in evaluating the real depth of our strategic efforts, we’re going to find that we’re really more tactical than we are strategic. In fact, we usually enter into assignments with most of the strategic issues already mandated by the client. Or if not mandated, we establish our tactics even as we hear the assignment for the first time. We’re already thinking, or have been told, that the assignment requires a six page brochure, or a full spread ad, or a point of purchase display. We then move eagerly to the design step.

If you want to check yourself on this reality, just consider how often your clients pay you just for strategy (without rolling it into the project fee or before establishing the project budget in advance). How many clients give you time to deliver a strategy before defining the deliverables and costs? The reality is that many of our firms are more project-oriented and tactical than we are strategic. We all want to think of ourselves as being more strategic (perhaps that’s because we equate “strategic” with “important”) than we really are.

Because we tend to be project-oriented, we think about our own agency site as an internal project–rather than a long term strategy. You can tell that most Flash-based agency websites were treated like internal projects when viewing time stamped content. News items or press releases on agency Flash sites are often very old. It’s because there was never any serious strategic thought given to the on-going content strategy. And if there had been serious thought, the choice to use a Flash-based platform would have been evaluated with more scrutiny.

Instead, someone was tasked with the project of designing an amazingly creative agency website. And once produced and launched, it’s rarely thought about again.

Technology Barriers
Another reason agencies use Flash is that they feel more comfortable with Flash technology than standard web technology platforms (php, asp, ruby, html, caa, javascript, etc.). They are already masters of Adobe software and Flash, while not simple, feels familiar and within their technical reach. To move away from Flash would mean using other, more complex technologies or leaning on technology partners to deliver them. I empathize with the fear of making bad technology choices. And there are many disaster stories that resulted from the uneasy alliances between creative firms and technology companies. There are even more horror stories of freelancers disappearing in the middle of a project, or becoming unavailable to maintain a site when it’s done.

Such problems usually mean that web projects are often unprofitable, almost always frustrating, and in the worst cases threaten an otherwise healthy agency/client relationship. But despite the risks, the days are long gone when a client will accept a Flash-based website from an agency. The agency might be willing to forgo all the amazing benefits a mature website can bring, but clients are not so easily satisfied. So whether it’s for the agency’s site or for an agency client’s website, creative firms must learn how to hire or partner with technology providers.

Lack of Experience With, and Appreciation for, the Power of Content
Agencies are satisfied with Flash, in part, because they have not tasted the power of the web in their own new business development efforts. The previous post described how Flash sites simply don’t perform as well as standard websites. And even non-Flash sites don’t see much action if there’s not a focused, sustainable content strategy in place. But when there is, the power of content on the web is amazing. You probably only come to value this after your first experience of having a well qualified prospect call you after reading much of the content on your site. They’ve already convinced themselves you are the agency for their business. They understand what you do and who you do it for. The sales process is so much easier when qualified, educated prospects approach you. And great websites make this happen.

But since most agency sites perform so badly, the agency has no appreciation for the power of content on the web. Their minimization of the importance of web strategy becomes a self-fulfilling reality. They get no results from their site, so they don’t value the web enough overall. As a result they don’t make efforts to improve/maintain the site, and so the poor performance continues. But ask yourself–why do agencies like Currency Marketing keep up with such a robust content strategy if it doesn’t work? It does work. And every effort of content creation has a considerable shelf life. It keeps working for years, sometimes while you sleep. Every effort becomes a deposit in the marketing bank account. But this doesn’t happen for cool Flash websites.

Moving Beyond Flash
Well, that’s all I got. If you’re still convinced that Flash is the right platform for your agency’s website–good luck with that. But I hope that you’ll take a sober look at your Flash site’s performance and see how much more there is to gain by moving past Flash. If you do decide to move beyond Flash let me know!

After studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, Eric Holter worked as an engraver and illustrator for Pagano, Schenck & Kay Advertising, then as a web designer at Leonard/Monahan. He founded Newfangled Web Factory in 1995.

Last year, Google announced considerable improvements in their indexing of Flash based websites. One of my chief criticisms of many advertising agency websites is their propensity to adopt the Flash platform. One of the biggest problems with Flash has been its incompatibility with search engines. This improvement mitigates this problem–to some degree.

After Google announced the new indexing, Brian Ussery performed an in depth analysis of how Google is actually indexing Flash content. Bottom line, there is still a long way to go for a truly search engine friendly Flash site.

So, though the announcement was good news to many, it didn't change the fact that I am still concerned for agencies who use Flash. Technical problems between search and Flash have been significant, but the impulse to build a site entirely in Flash has other problems too. Problems that now, even with better indexing, may be all the more ignored. Agencies that lean too heavily on Flash may be emboldened to do so all the more.

Here are a six reasons why better indexing may not help most Flash websites.

1. Content Weakness: I remember a comment from a Yahoo! engineer about indexing Flash sites. He said, “we’ve been able to do that for years, but Flash sites are typically so content poor that that it’s hardly worth the effort.” Agency sites built in Flash tend to be content weak and rarely updated. They get built, uploaded and left alone for long stretches of time. In my opinion this is one of the biggest problems with Flash sites. While it’s not inherent to Flash, the use of Flash and content weakness tends to correspond. Perhaps due to the flashiness potential of Flash, more time is spend on animations, effects and transitions than on content strategy.
2. URL Linking: Most Flash sites, especially agency Flash sites, consist of one large Flash movie rather than breaking up each “page” into a separate file. This makes linking to a particular page within an agency site impossible. This new change to Google won’t fix this. While all the words may get indexed, a click through to the site will leave the visitor perplexed as to where in the site the content they found in search might be found. And in this day and age of social media, and sharing, lack of coherent URLs makes “talking about,” linking and tagging Flash site content very difficult since only the main URL can be pointed to in a link. There are techniques for creating distinct URLs in a Flash site. Kevin Merritt, CEO of Blist points out that Blist is a Flash-based web application that can link to specific “pages” within the site. Any site that either needs to be in Flash (web applications) or chooses to be in Flash should definitely adopt these practices.
3. Meta Data: One of the most important SEO practices is thinking through page specific meta data like browser titles and descriptions tags (keywords not so much). Even with these Google changes, and even if a competent URL mapping technique is employed, a Flash-based site will not offer any of these SEO opportunities.
4. Content Prioritization: An indexed Flash file is similar to an indexed PDF file. It’s searchable but the content lacks any underlying tags that help search engines determine the relevance and weight of the content. For example, the use of an "h1" tag to surround a headline normally indicates that these words have higher importance than say a caption to a diagram would. Flash movie content will not provide any of this kind of content parsing.
5. Content Management: Flash is sometimes chosen not because it’s the best platform for the site, but because it’s the easiest tool to master (for a designer). Flash skirts around all the messy browser compatibility and CSS display issues of normal web development. But when this is the motive it’s also true that the designer is not likely to implement a a technically robust content management system. And without a decent content management system changes and additions to content must flow through the busy designer, which ultimately just means few content updates.
6. Distraction of Style Over Substance: Flash is certainly capable of some cool creative effects. It’s built by Adobe after all–it’s part of their “Creative Suite.” As I point out regularly, the agency’s strong creative impulses often becomes a barrier to sound web strategy. When creativity serves the content without getting in the way it can be a win-win. But more often than not a Flash based agency site becomes the creative outlet instead of being a place where the agency showcases their work and their thinking. The creative impulse is hard enough for agencies to overcome, choosing a whiz-bang oriented platform for their site can be too much of a temptation to overcome.

I suppose a Flash-based website, if structured properly, broken out into unique URL and integrated with a content management system is a more viable option than it was a year ago, but for all the reasons above I still recommend avoiding Flash as a website development platform for anything other than web applications and movie trailer websites.

After studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, Eric Holter worked as an engraver and illustrator for Pagano, Schenck & Kay Advertising, then as a web designer at Leonard/Monahan. He founded Newfangled Web Factory in 1995.

It’s 2009 and sadly I still need to write about splash pages–an unfortunate stronghold of advertising agency websites. The use of the “splash page” has a long history (long in Internet years anyway). Back in 1999 I wrote an article for Web Techniques about the appropriate and inappropriate uses of website splash pages. Today that article is moot. There are no appropriate uses for a splash page.

A splash page uses a website’s home page to make a visual impact rather than provide basic information and navigation. Splash pages are usually animated sequences that precede the actual site home page. Sometimes the splash page will transition into the homepage (sometimes seen in Flash based sites) but others require a click through to the home page after the sequence completes. Most splash pages (at least those with a modicum of courtesy) will provide a “skip intro” link so you can abandon the animation and go straight to the actual site.

Splash Page Abandonment
There are some significant misunderstanding of web strategy that cause agencies to utilize splash pages. But before I address those misunderstandings let me share some factual data that I hope is enough to dissuade you from this practice. My analysis of website traffic reports over the years has consistently shown that at least 25% of all site visitors abandon a website at the splash page. At Newfangled we used to have a splash page our site. In fact we spent months building it. But once I saw the abandonment numbers, I dumped it.

Impact–the wrong place at the wrong time.
Agencies are prone to the use of the splash pages because they feel that they make a strong visual impact–and they do. Splash pages, as creative expressions, can be very cool. Unfortunately, when it comes to web strategy, this impact just gets in the way.

Because agencies spend most of their time helping their clients compete for attention in a crowded marketplace, they must exert significant creative power to capture attention before they can get a message across. But when it comes to the web, attention can be assumed. People don’t navigate to a website by accident. Websites aren’t pushed in front of them; they go to them on purpose. They find them in search results, or type in a URL, or click on a link on another site. Attention is gained before they get there. How the site looks, or how impressive an animation is, has absolutely nothing to do with a decision to visit a site.

Agency Sites are B2B, Not Entertainment
When a prospective client goes to an agency website, they want information–quickly and easily. They certainly don’t want to sit through an animation before they can start looking. An agency website is a business to business marketing tool. It’s about information–not entertainment. So splash pages just get in the way and annoy.

Creative agencies sometimes feel like a splash page, or flashy website, is a demonstration of their creativity. And I suppose it is. But creative firms have plenty of creative work in their portfolio section to demonstrate this. It’s a mistake is to think of the site as another opportunity to be creative, rather than a means of showing your creative work.

Are You Being Strategic?
Let’s think about this impulse some more. In fact, let’s hold it up to the claims most creative agencies make for themselves. Every agency claims not just creativity, but creativity as a mean to an end–the client’s marketing goal. They say they’re experts in helping clients use the right tool for the right job. They guide clients strategically. They would never, for example, produce a creative television commercial for every assignment because television makes the biggest impact. That would be stupid. Instead they devise campaigns that work for best in each particular case.

Is a splash page the right tool for the maximum effectiveness of a business to business website? Is turning 25% of visitors away necessary? Is significantly hindering search engine optimization a smart use of the web? Certainly not. What the agency says by the use of a splash page is that they are willing to ignore the best practices of at least one medium (the web) for an opportunity to demonstrate creativity.

Let’s be honest
We’re creatively wired. We love what we do. And who doesn’t have a million stories of clients that picked the worst logo, or the safest (not best) ad, or watered down the concept of a brilliant campaign? It’s frustrating when our creativity gets down-shifted in the real world of clients and corporate politics. But nobody can tell us what to do on our own website, right? Finally, an opportunity to go all out, to give full reign to our creative powers! We’ll get that Communications Arts profile or One Show award for sure!

But at what cost? We may tell ourselves that we’re being strategic about our creative splash page, that we’re making an impact or demonstrating our creativity. But really we’re making a strategic mistake–improperly employing a medium and using creativity in the wrong place. Not a good start for when we want to then persuade a client how smart we are, how expert we are at employing the right marketing tools in the right way for the right goals.

This is the creativity barrier in action. We forget we don’t need to employ creativity to get the click. We just need to fulfill the visitor’s expectation for information. And we want an opportunity for unfettered creative play on our own sites so much that we’re willing to ignore best practice.

All things considered a splash page is a seriously bad idea. I can’t think of any upsides and there are serious downsides. The numbers don’t lie, and our true motives betray us. If you haven’t already, it’s time to dump the splash page.

Also, I started at Newfangled five years ago today! Time flies...

After studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, Eric Holter worked as an engraver and illustrator for Pagano, Schenck & Kay Advertising, then as a web designer at Leonard/Monahan. He founded Newfangled Web Factory in 1995.

As an agency consultant I spend a good deal of time visiting agency websites. I haven’t counted precisely, but a large percentage of the agency sites I visit attempt to take over my browser. These sites either launch a new window, or maximize my browser to fill the screen. Before I calmly explain why this is a very bad idea and a poor web strategy I must vent some rage… PLEASE STOP! STOP STOP STOP. YOU ARE NOT INVITED TO REARRANGE MY DESKTOP!

Ok, that felt good. The impulse to control the browser window is common among advertising agencies. It stems from the art director’s historic ability to precisely control every aspect of page layout, typography and design. I remember in the old days prepping a Dexter Shoe ad layout for Hal Curtis (a creative director whom I greatly admire). It involved sending out for a photoset type galley, scanning the text, enlarging it on the Cannon copier (not the Minolta) and finally reducing it back down to size with the stat camera to achieve a subtle worn, slightly grainy feel. Hal Curtis is a true craftsmen, and this full spread ad was an award winning thing of beauty.

Agency art directors are used to this level of control over layout, so the idea that they need to design for a format that has no fixed width or height is sometimes just too much to endure. When they ask if there is any way to control the browser’s size (thus ensure their carefully crafted web page layout’s integrity) and hear that yes it’s possible but… what ever follows the “but” goes in one ear and out the other. If there is a way to control the browser that’s what they want (and they usually get their way).

But this is a mistake. First of all it’s just plain rude. I have my desktop situated very carefully. I’ve set my browser’s location, in relationship to my Instant Messenger, my Rhapsody player, and other windows as well my browsers width to maximize my productivity. If you maximize my browser window you screw all that up. It’s so inconsiderate and arrogant to think that I would of course want to maximize my browser to see your wonderful web design in all its full-screen glory.

Now some agencies just pop up a smaller window rather than maximize the entire browser. This is less obtrusive and not as infuriating as maximizing my browser. But it seriously hurts the effectiveness of the agency’s site. For one thing, it pretty much closes the door on search engine indexing. When Google or any other search engine sees a link embedded in javascript (which is what you need to use to pop a window and control its size) they ignore the link. That’s because this technique can be used to maliciously redirect link from one page to an entirely unrelated (spam) page. So if you feel so strongly about preserving your layout that you’re willing to dismiss all search engine traffic, you may have a clean layout, but you’ve proven that you can care less about maximizing web strategy. Not a good idea in this day and age when the advertising agency’s influence is slowly eroding due to its weakness in digital media and web strategy.

One other reason browser size should be left alone has to do with the content of the website. Effective websites are content rich.Website’s that have gone through the trouble of controlling browser size usually also want to control copy length. They want to preserve the layout and not mess it up with lots of paragraphs (Oh, the horror!). So browser control leads to copy control, which tends to make sites static and shallow.

The best "measuring ROI of social media" preso we have seen so far.

I agree, it's pretty good. Although, I'm left wondering why the 'big boss' wasn't able to access the data that eventually vindicated his social media team when he decided they needed to be cut...

After studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, Eric Holter worked as an engraver and illustrator for Pagano, Schenck & Kay Advertising, then as a web designer at Leonard/Monahan. He founded Newfangled Web Factory in 1995.

closerlook is a relationship marketing firm specializing in healthcare (pharmaceutical, health insurance, and health information technology). They have an excellent agency website that builds upon tight positioning with a significant content strategy. So let’s break it down:

Positioning: Here’s how closerlook states their positioning in the first paragraph of their home page,

“closerlook a relationship marketing firm specializing in healthcare. We help clients in the pharmaceutical, health insurance and health information technology industries establish long-term relationships with their customers.”

This focused positioning is also evident by the industries listed in the main navigation and the two featured projects on the home page. If you dig one click deeper into the “About closerlook” page, their focus is restated in a big blue heading, “closerlook is a relationship marketing firm specializing in healthcare.” When executed properly an agency’s positioning and its content strategy reflect and reinforce each other–which makes it difficult for me to know when to segue from a review of their positioning to their content. Since the closerlook website does succeed in integrating positioning and content let’s proceed to a review of the content.

Content: The closerlook site strikes a balance in terms of the amount of content on each of their top level pages. They provide adequate depth and detail without overwhelming with too many words. They could do a little better job pulling their positioning down into these main sub-pages. For example the strategic capabilities page has excellent content, including descriptions of specific capabilities like “Segmentation and Targeting,” “Instructional Design,” and “Usability Testing and Analysis,” among others. However, aside from the case studies contained in the page’s side bar, there is little to reveal the firms specific expertise in healthcare relationship marketing. This is an important consideration since search engine traffic most often leads visitors directly to these content-rich sub-pages first. And considering how quickly visitors evaluate a site–especially when in “search mode,” getting to the point quickly–with as few additional clicks possible, is a high priority.

It’s a worthwhile exercise to examine each sub-page as though it were your home page. After all, these pages will function as surrogate home pages (at least in terms their first impression function). You’ll want to help the visitor who hits a sub-page first to catch the plot of the site without having to click much further. Adding phrases about healthcare and relationship marketing to each sub-page can really help. In addition, the use of a tag line in the logo and strategic browser titles can also help frame in the positioning on each sub-page.

closerlook fleshes out on their content strategy with whitepapers, case studies, a news section and two blogs. Their general agency blog is called “Work + Play.” I like the title because it points out how agency blogs can have multi-faceted effects. They can demonstrate expertise while at the same time offering a glimpse into the agency’s personality and culture. Blogs are also effective at simply sharing information and engaging with the design community at large. Their second blog is called “Experience RM,” and focuses on how their approach to customer relationship management is unique.

Oh, and closerlook also uses video quite effectively. They have a Flash based video on the home page (it’s okay, this is one use of Flash that is very appropriate and effective). They’re very considerate to only play a silent video montage by default–allowing the visitor to start the full video via the play button (thanks!). They’ve also used video on their Experience RM blog to explain their concept of relationship marketing.

One thing that is oddly missing is a section about the principals or employees. This is a fairly ubiquitous form of content for most agency sites, and is generally helpful in getting to know the firm. I’d add a section to the Company area with bios and photos (and link to any blog contributor’s posts).

Platform: I cannot detect a CMS under the hood, though the content is kept up-to-date, so I’m assuming there is a system in place. If so, it’s well configured with clean URLs, ability to affect meta info and browser titles. While the site does provide unique browser titles on each page, the choice of words could be refined, and made more effective for search engine optimization.

Design: The visual design is clean, professional, and easy to read. I like how they’ve consolidated content by truncating lengthy paragraphs with a “more” layer and link that reveals the rest on click (see the Strategic Capabilities page). closerlook has been very restrained in their use of graphic typography. They’ve managed to create a well crafted typographic design with straight text and CSS styling. Even their main navigation and sub navigation is text based!

My only area of discomfort with the user interface is the two click main navigation bar. The first click opens the sub panel then the second click brings you to your destination. This is a pretty minor issue, but I think a standard drop down menu would better serve the visitor and speed up site exploration. There is also a very minor bug in the home page video (at least on my computer–Vista/Firefox 3.0.4). It seems to start playing the audio on load but then stops–producing a one chord sound before catching itself.

All in all, this is a notable example of a successful agency website.

For many people in the web design industry, design projects have a specific start and end date. The end date specifies when the design (the mockups, code, or custom CMS) will be delivered. After the end date, the engagement is over and both parties move on. This way of working grew out of the print industry and as creative folks migrated over to doing more business on the Web they’ve brought this methodology with them. And it makes sense for print…once the print version is printed there isn’t much left to do except work on something else.

Increasingly, though, social software is showing just how detrimental this sort of engagement is for web design. I dub this the Agency Problem. The agency problem is the problem of doing one-off work in a world in which software is becoming a service that needs constant attention. And that constant attention isn’t just the attention of community managers: it’s the attention of designers as well, who need to constantly refine and rework small changes in the interface based on the emergent behavior of the people using it.

As I read this, I shouted in my mind, "Aha! That's why it's all about the long-term relationship!" A typical web project for us at Newfangled can take anywhere from 6-9 months, from initial consulting, through prototyping, design, build, design application, quality control, content entry and going live. It's a long, involved process during which we build a very close relationship with our clients. Why would we ever walk away from one another after go-live? We, as the web partner, are best positioned to know exactly how to assist in the continued use and growth of the client's website, not to mention their web marketing and content strategies *as they evolve* (not just backing up the initial "big idea"). Our Total Managed Support model was created specifically for this- because the tools we build are only as valuable as the expertise and relationship upon which they are built- what it means is that the Project Management teams that work with our clients during the initial project provide regular, proactive service to our clients moving forward, making strategic suggestions, assisting in data analysis, planning the functional growth of the application, etc.

Finding this post was timely, as I had just been thinking of these issues after reading Mitch Joel's post suggesting that maybe it is time for marketing to move away from "the big idea". Here's my full comment on his post, which gets at the core ideas behind our long-term relationship approach, but I have to admit that I'm surprised that such an approach would be so rare among web development firms:

Mitch,

You've got a great point, and evidently the courage to bring it up. I recently saw a blog post (can't exactly remember where or who wrote it, but that further emphasizes the point) that remarked that the experience of blogging was essentially routinely throwing out many ideas and seeing the minority of them catch on, though not being able to really predict which ideas are not DOA. Whether it be the pace by which we receive and consume information, or the equalizing effect of communication tools, there is just more out there, making the "big idea" a whole lot smaller simply virtue of being among such a vast array of other ideas. All that effect-of-web-culture stuff aside, I think there are a couple of other points that back up your suggestion that perhaps the big idea mentality in marketing is passe.

The first is that it's ultimately contrary to what brands are after- loyalty. From the consumer perspective, what is the big idea behind Coke? It's not the tagline du jour, the packaging, the commercials, the holiday Santa stuff, or any other promotion. It's the soda, which many people have been drinking their entire lives. Sure, Coke has that luxury, but the point is that the big idea for consumers is always going to be the product or service. Their attention has to be earned by having a good product or service, not just a witty advertisement.

The second is the value of a long-term relationship. You noted that often agencies come on board for one pitch, and the potential execution of that campaign, but are often cut loose when that campaign gets stale. What if a brand invested in a long-term relationship with an agency because that agency was able to demonstrate their understanding that the lifetime of a brand is a mosaic of different ideas over time? I'm completely with you on this. In fact, the long-term relationship is a defining characteristic of our business- we don't spend 6 months to a year developing a website marketing and content strategy, prototyping, designing, and building new websites and applications only to part ways once they go live. When the initial project is finished, that's when things get really interesting- when it becomes a long, but steady, progression of ideas that are tried, measurement, and reflection upon which work and why. It's a great model for web, and seems to me would be even better for agencies of record.

Chris

Our focus on the long-term relationship and total managed support has been the natural conclusion to years of experience with new development projects and assisting our clients as they figure out the web. It never seemed like a novel thing to me, nor came as an epiphany at any point to our team, but as I read more and more accounts of people growing discontent with limited project models and "traditional" agency approaches, I'm beginning to appreciate how revolutionary the long-term relationship really is.

I wish we could take the credit for this approach, but it has really coalesced for us based upon many things: Direct input from people we trust in the industry, books we've read, and a general sense that things we've been doing for a while now and ideas we value are becoming more valuable to others. One interesting point is the concept of multiples, which Malcolm Gladwell discusses in a column he wrote recently in the New Yorker called "In the Air." Here's a pertinent quote:

"This phenomenon of simultaneous discovery—what science historians call 'multiples'— turns out to be extremely common. One of the first comprehensive lists of multiples was put together by William Ogburn and Dorothy Thomas, in 1922, and they found a hundred and forty-eight major scientific discoveries that fit the multiple pattern. Newton and Leibniz both discovered calculus. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace both discovered evolution. Three mathematicians 'invented' decimal fractions. Oxygen was discovered by Joseph Priestley, in Wiltshire, in 1774, and by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, a year earlier. Color photography was invented at the same time by Charles Cros and by Louis Ducos du Hauron, in France. Logarithms were invented by John Napier and Henry Briggs in Britain, and by Joost Bürgi in Switzerland...For Ogburn and Thomas, the sheer number of multiples could mean only one thing: scientific discoveries must, in some sense, be inevitable. They must be in the air, products of the intellectual climate of a specific time and place."

In our case, I wouldn't want to inflate the importance of what we're doing by directly comparing it to the kinds of discoveries that Gladwell mentions. But, the general point applies: Sometimes significant ideas occur in multiple places simultaneously, and can best be attributed to the zeitgeist rather than one innovator. I think that is partially what's happening in our industry. That said, there are important figures that have been at the forefront as mouthpieces for these ideas: Levine, Locke, Searls, and Weinberger, who wrote The Cluetrain Manifesto, as well as David Meerman Scott, author of The New Rules of Marketing and PR. I'm sure there are many others that can be credited...

Obviously, our approach was not even a "multiple" in this sense, but simply a practical response to the daily goings-on of our industry, or in other words, a result of being tuned in to the zeitgeist of the web. But the idea of multiples has stuck with me all the same- there is something about it that must apply to what we're experiencing today. Then, this week, I ran in to another quote on the topic of simultaneous discovery, this time from Kevin Kelly, who in a post to his Technium blog called The Progression of the Inevitable, refers to it as "synchronicity:"

Synchronicity is not just a phenomenon of the past, when communication was poor, but very much part of the present. Scientists at AT&T Bell Labs won a Nobel prize for inventing the transistor in 1948, but two German physicists independently invented a transistor two months later at a Westinghouse Laboratory in Paris. Conventional wisdom credits John von Neumann with the invention of a programmable binary computer during the last years of World War II, but the idea and a working punched-tape prototype were developed quite separately in Germany a few years earlier in 1941 by Konrad Zuse. In a verifiable case of modern parallelism, Zuse’s pioneering binary computer in wartime Germany went completely unnoticed by the US and UK until many decades later. The inkjet printer was invented twice; once in Japan in the labs of Canon, and once in the US at Hewlett-Packard, and the key patents were filed by each company within months of each other in 1977. “The whole history of inventions is one endless chain of parallel instances.” writes anthropologist Alfred Kroeber. “There may be those who see in these pulsing events only a meaningless play of capricious fortuitousness; but there will be others to whom they reveal a glimpse of a great and inspiring inevitability which rises as far above the accidents of personality.

Somehow, looking at this in terms of synchronicity, which Kelly points out can happen in multiples of more than just two or three, seems more applicable to today. It's harder to see in the same landmark way that things were seen even a decade ago because the transmission of new information is so much more rapid today, but synchronicity is driving the pace of web technology, too. What's unfortunate is that it's also driving the desire to always remain on top- to have the most active blog, the largest list of followers on Twitter, friends on Facebook, or reblogged posts on Tumblr (tumblarity, really?) because of our ambition to be recognized as an innovator- the person who came up with the idea first. But consider how difficult that would be to prove today! Perhaps you "tweeted" your new idea at 8:59pm, but several others posted similar concepts between then and 9:05pm. Were you really first? Maybe not. But ultimately, what does being first matter? What if we were to put away that kind of ambition and elevate cooperation instead, celebrating the synchronicity of our minds enabled by communication technology and the resulting collectivity of ideas? Maybe then we could move past the novelty stage of the web, using it to do more than just create avatars that live there but actually communicate and educate.

After all, one of the most powerful applications of the web could be for education if we so chose it to be.

"Roads lead to alleys. Alleys lead to dead ends. And you can't see them all before you've entered into a client engagement—no matter how much of a "design expert" you say you are. "I've done a ton of logos, so this project is a cinch for me. In the client meeting, I'll share with them some design themes I've been exploring when drawing up my estimate. Just some riffing, really... nothing too serious that I can't back out of when the paperwork is finalized... It'll just help me cinch the gig." What a bad habit. Sure, we get excited about the possibility of a new project and start sharing initial impressions that come to mind. But sharing your opinion like that—off the cuff—can be very damaging for the project you're looking to start, your long-term relationship, and the design profession in general. It belies an assumption that you are more important than the gazillions of people out there that form the basis of your client's design problem."

Sherwin is pointing out just what Goldsmith warns about- overconfidence that leads to not listening. This is certainly an area where I need to grow.

"Fueled by social media sites and ever-cheaper devices, information production has continued unabated over the course of the present recession. To be sure, the widening array of voices that feed this dynamic and its democratizing effect are fantastic achievements, but undermining these accomplishments are the less admirable effects of a 24/7 media culture run rampant. Simply put, there's too much bad stuff out there; too many points of view and way too much noise. In our ever compressed lives, where tweets and posts compete tirelessly for our attention, this hallmark of contemporary life threatens to invite a pan-global case of attention deficit disorder the likes of which no Ritalin prescription could combat."

Questioning the value of content has been central to the thinking behind our own marketing and content strategy at Newfangled. We've been prolific in our writing over the past few years, but are now at the point that calibration and value are our primary concern, not frequency or volume. In my own experience online, I wish that those who operate primarily online (developers, designers, strategists, marketers, etc.) would come to the same conclusion, not just for my sake, but for their own, too. Keeping up with a realistically unsustainable pace of content creation is just not healthy, nor is it truly productive.

For a scientific take on this, check out what Jonah Lehrer has to say about the addictive properties of information.

After studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, Eric Holter worked as an engraver and illustrator for Pagano, Schenck & Kay Advertising, then as a web designer at Leonard/Monahan. He founded Newfangled Web Factory in 1995.

When I critique advertising agency websites the first aspect I evaluate is positioning. Positioning is a foundational element for an effective web strategy.

Positioning is defined as “what you do,” “who you do it for,” and “what the benefit is to them.” For example the positioning for Newfangled would be broken down like this. What do they do? They build websites. Who do they do it for? Advertising agencies. What is the benefit? Newfangled helps them transform their websites into powerful new business engines.

Defining a sharp position statement is critical for an effective and sustainable web strategy. That’s because web strategy is primarily expressed through a content strategy. And developing compelling content on a regular and sustained basis is hard work. But hard work is always made easier when you have the right tools. A good sharp axe makes the task of chopping wood easier–you can exert less force with fewer blows.

Think of your positioning as the edge of your axe. If your firm’s positioning is sharp (focused, narrow, and clearly defined) the effort needed in content creation will be much less than if the positioning is dull (over-reaching, broad, and generalized). Not only is content creation easier with sharp positioning, it’s also more compelling and effective. Conversely, an out of dull-edged content strategy is hard to sustain and its results are ineffective. Most agency sites I’ve seen that have made a stab at devising a content strategy (such as blogging) they usually do okay for a few months. They’ll start out with a few posts per month, but soon the fatigue sets in. Ideas run dry, and the posts don’t bear much fruit. It’s not surprising that such posts are ineffective. Their subject matter tends to be about typography, design awards, new projects–stuff that’s only marginally interesting–and that only to other designers. This is the kind of content that flows from an undefined content strategy which results from generalized positioning.

But blogs from specialized, narrowly positioned firms are far more interesting–especially to clients and prospects who are interested in content that relates to their industries. Let’s try this on. Imagine for a moment that your firm had a super sharp positioning, something like “trade show marketing for technology startups–we help you make the most of your trade show events.” This is perhaps an extreme example, but just imagine for a moment that this was your focus and expertise. Can you come up with half a dozen subjects that you could write about, if that was your expertise? Even without having the expertise I bet you could come up with a decent list. And for specialized firms compelling content ideas are easy to come by. And when a prospect discovers them, the sales process is near to closing even before your phone rings or your email comment form gets filled out.

Web strategy is like an axe, the blade is a content strategy, and its sharpness is defined by your positioning. So sharpen your axe, and you won’t have to exert as much effort in your marketing.

After studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, Eric Holter worked as an engraver and illustrator for Pagano, Schenck & Kay Advertising, then as a web designer at Leonard/Monahan. He founded Newfangled Web Factory in 1995.

In the recent HOW magazine article, Rock Your Website, Chicago-based Remedy was one of the featured website examples. Remedy is a good example of an agency website, but I’m not quite ready to push it into the "great" column. It’s on the edge though, and with a few adjustments I think it could become one of the great examples of an agency website.

Positioning: Remedy has already done the hard part. They’ve taken the step of defining a narrow positioning in the healthcare market. And they’ve identified their approach to healthcare marketing–they move healthcare brands toward expressions that overcome our consumer aversions and negative pre-dispositions of hospitals and healthcare services in general.

The only positioning weakness (as it’s represented in their website) I see is on their services list. It contains a few too many categories, and uses the word “Brand” a bit too much.

I also see “public relations” listed at the end of the list. Whenever I see this it makes me immediately think that the list is just trying to cover too much ground. I may be completely wrong about this criticism as it applies to Remedy (for all I know they may have significant public relations expertise) but I see it so often, and usually at the end of the list–that it casts doubt. I’m always is favor of shorter, more defined service lists that relate more closely to expertise.

Content: The content strategy is framed-up and heading in the right direction. But this is where the site needs a bit of work. Their portfolio content is excellent. They’ve provided written details covering several facets of each project’s strategy and process.

In addition, they just stared a quarterly newsletter–so there is only one issue so far. In my opinion quarterly publication is the absolute minimum schedule for an agency newsletter, bi-monthly would be better. Hopefully, they’re working on the 4th quarter newsletter. For some reason, the link to the newsletter (and come of the other areas of the site) launch new browser windows. I’m not sure why they’d do this, it feels awkward to me.

They also have a “New” section. It’s almost a blog–and that’s the problem. If it’s not a blog it’s purpose is a little confusing. It might be intended as a simple “News and Events” list, in which case I’d simplify the layout and add dates to each item. But if it is supposed to be blog-like, I’d press it further into blog form by including RSS, author, comments, categories, link bait, etc.

Platform: Y’all know what a big fan I am of Flash. While Remedy does use Flash for their homepage, they are commendably restrained its use inside the site. They also provide text links into the main sections outside of the Flash movie. Nevertheless, I always feel that the choice to use Flash for impact on the homepage is a poor one. It’s hard for me to understand why you’d relinquish the powerful opportunity to leverage your site’s content by linking to it from the home page–for the sake of one dynamic graphic. But that is the “creativity barrier” in action.

I can’t detect the use of a CMS. The site is written in PHP, so there may be some site updating tools available. I suspect, though, that it’s hand-coded, especially since I randomly encountered a broken link on the sitemap page (Jessica Daly’s bio). This is usually just a typo in the coding–an automated CMS wouldn’t likely have this kind of error.

And finally, as far as platform goes, the browser titles need optimizing. The home page’s browser title, for example, should contain “healthcare marketing” in it. This is an almost universal oversight so I don’t usually knock too many points off for this.

Design: My design comments relate primarily to information design and usability. Most agency sites are going to look good. The main navigation system is a little weird. When I click one of the main links (Who, What, How, and New) I don’t go anywhere. Yet if I click the same links in the footer navigation they do resolve to overview pages. The final critique on interfaced design is the main navigation for the portfolio. The navigation area allows for scrolling and clicking their list of clients and projects. But the space only allows four items to be viewed at any time. This makes it difficult to browse. A rollover, drop-down that lists all the items would be much more usable–especially since there are only about eight or so in the full list.

I think remedy is on a trajectory toward an excellent agency website. Opening up their platform and pushing the content strategy a bit further may get just them there.

The Archives possesses some 70,000 of these foot-and-a-half military recordings, each of which has a playing time of about two hours. It would take a researcher who worked without interruption for eight hours a day approximately 48 years to listen to this collection in its entirety. "A lot of them may contain a lot of nothing, airwave noise, shortwave whistles, but you may have to listen to the whole thing to figure that out," Mayn said.

A World of Methuselahs
A detailed overview of how life expectancy averages have increased significantly in the last century, and what our expectation should be for continuing increase. Before the article somewhat devolves into a primer on American healthcare policy changes, it covers some really interesting perspectives on how we might extend lifespans, who would benefit, and whether it would be desirable to live much longer than we do now. A quote:

People almost everywhere could extend their life spans further just by doing a few sensible things, such as not smoking, drinking only in moderation, eating lots of fruit and vegetables and taking regular exercise. Educated folk are better at keeping to such rules, and as a group they live markedly longer than those with only basic schooling. Richer people, unfairly, also live longer than less well-off ones, even in the developed world.

But all this is tinkering at the edges. Mankind’s dream has been to conquer ageing altogether, and scientists are working on it. Spare-part surgery to replace worn-out bits of the anatomy is already well-established and will get better with the use of stem-cell technology. For a more general effect, experiments on rodents have shown that a severely restricted but balanced diet can increase their lifespan by about 30%. But nobody knows whether this would work in humans, and even if it did, there might be few takers.

The Three Hardest Words to Say
This is the second post I've encountered recently where the author has been extremely honest about something that I think causes us all a lot of unnecessary anxiety. I admit that I say these three words far less than I should. I'd love to see myself and others take this seriously and be ok with being fallible humans.

Calling Bull****on Social Media
Exhilaratingly honest and a must-read for anyone working in an "online" industry or any social media enthusiast. Every point he makes I have though of before, yet never had the courage to say publicly. It's ironic that in a time of unprecedented connection with other humans, we have such a hard time actually *being* human. I cheered as I read.

In Our Time with Melvyn Bragg
This is a weekly, one-hour audiocast produced by the BBC. Melvyn Bragg will gather several academics to discuss various ideas that tend to cover history, philosophy, religion, etc. Usually a very spirited conversation with lots of great insights from Bragg and his guests.

OnPoint with Tom Ashbrook
This is a daily audiocast produced by NPR and broadcast out of WBUR in Boston. The program airs twice each morning, each a one-hour topic with guests and discussion. The program covers lots of stuff from current events to science, literature, philosophy, politics, etc. The host is a fantastic moderator and brings in top-notch guests. One of Friday's broadcasts is always devoted to a review of the week in the news. A great way to stay abreast of all things current.

To the Best of Our Knowledge
A weekly PRI audiocast that describes itself as an "audio magazine of ideas," TBOOK puts out two one-hour programs a week covering all kinds of topics but organized by a specific theme (recent ones have been "There's No Place Like Home," "How We Remember," and "Animal Minds") and comprised of interviews and audio documentary. Excellent production.

The Spark
A weekly CBC Radio audiocast hosted by Nora Young that describes itself as an "ongoing conversation about technology and culture." That pretty much says it, but they get props for always being on the cutting edge of current tech trends- not in terms of products, though, but in terms of cultural shifts. Pretty good stuff.

Radio Lab
This one-hour audiocast is produced by WNYC radio, who release five new episodes each season. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and NPR science correspondent Rober Krulwich, RadioLab brings intricately produced shows where "science meets culture and information sounds like music." This broadcast is truly unlike any other that I have heard and sets the bar for radio production very high. It is truly a treat to experience!

Speaking of Faith with Krista Tippett
A weekly, one-hour audiocast from APM hosted by Krista Tippet that uses interviews to discuss religion, meaning, ethics, and ideas in an all-inclusive and sensitive way.

Most of the smart, creative, successful people I know spend a good deal of time looking for inspiration, tracking down ideas and doing research. We do all those things too, we just don’t have a problem with calling it what it is, “goofing around.” Play is essential, it’s through play that you find connections between things that might not be at all obvious through logic or practicality. If you don’t have any accidents how are you ever going to have happy ones?

(1) a new website for an existing business that has already operated online, (2) a new website for a business that has a working offline model but has never done ecommerce, or (3) a new website for an entirely new (and untested) business model.

"are going to be very interested in large data sets, because embedded in these data-sets is the ability to look at our society at high levels of granularity. You can see the individuals, but you can also see the trends. And they can ask new and original questions that help them to understand who and what we were better. It's in that base of information that the greatest knowledge about our contemporary society is being held."

"We are today using international law in a heartless fashion, for we think only of those who are alive here and now and shut our eyes to the rest of the vast family of humanity who are yet to come. This forecloses to future generations their rights to the basic fundamentals of civilized existence: acknowledging them as holders of rights in the eyes of our law.”

"At the very top, in the seething surface layer of the Epipelagic the Web is a boiling mass of life. A rising storm of thrashing users. An unimaginably massive number of interactions. The waters are hot. Currents flow fast. Waves crash and spume flies as millions of short messages rip back and forth across the surface. Links and people collide in a foamy chaos of tangling and untangling networks... This top layer - the scalding Photic cauldron of short messages and streaming data visualisations - is where it’s at. The top layer has become a lens for finding content further down. The surface is now where I look for new stuff, where I ask questions (search) and where I discover the vast Web of sites, pages, documents and content hanging lower down in the depths. This layer is connected to that which lurks below through trillions of filaments and capillaries."

"This is why things that blow up and become hugely popular on the web do so at the top strata. Because there's so much mixing and overlap. However, the lower strata are crucially important. Because of their more narrow focus and secluded environment, they create a qualitatively different relationship between the explorer and their discovery."

]]>

"Social media are primarily Internet-based tools for sharing and discussing information among human beings."

Tim Johnson

We have this picture of Big Brother as an unpleasant, monolithic, dictatorial entity that overtly controls us against our will. The reality is Big Brother is a fuzzy, friendly little gnome we invited in ourselves, and we pay money to be controlled by. It's easier than being free.

Chris Butler

I completely agree. In my post from last week about cloud computing and privacy, I looked at a talk given by Brad Templeton, who warned that we are making critical decisions in regard to our privacy and technology without really being aware of it. In the comments section we started a pretty good discussion about it, in which I remarked, "we could end up having made critical decisions in regard to privacy based upon benefits we see and experience now (i.e. free productivity tools, ease of use, compatibility, etc.) that may only have severely negative ramifications later. Perhaps another way of saying this is that we need to take a longer view of decisions like these, bearing in mind a potential cause and effect chain of events that may be two to three steps removed from the immediate result." I quote this because I think what we're talking about here is enabling the "fuzzy" big brother that you mentioned, not the monolithic force we're expecting will come along and subdue us against our will. Perhaps there's some synergy in this, but this morning I saw a post about the 60th anniversary edition of George Orwell's 1984, which showed a really nice cover design that seems to illustrate your interpretation of Big Brother rather nicely:

Wired makes a fantastic magazine. The "puzzle" edition last month was just brilliant, and I skimmed it from cover to cover. But for technology and pop science reporting, the market has moved on. Tech magazines, now matter how well executed, are nothing more than a cute anachronism, with the same sort of boutique market as hand-made stationery. Which isn't to say that we or anyone else who writes for money isn't doomed; we just don't have to buy paper by the ton roll, nor keep a support staff around nearly as large as our editorial staff.

Twitter, Facebook, FriendFeed - whatever they grew from, they morphed into a realtime CMS for the emerging media. Twitter, not RSS, became the early warning system for new content. Facebook, not RSS, became the social Rolodex for events, casual introductions to RSS’ lifeblood, the people behind the feeds. FriendFeed, not RSS, captured the commentsphere. RSS got locked out of its own party.

Today, RSS is a shell of its former self, casually subsumed as the transport for 140+ content into the social stream. There, RSS items are fed into aggregators and husked for their behavioral signals, packaged as Tweets and sold for pennies on the whuffie dollar. The mainstream media, once cowed by the fulltexters, now masquerades as blog sites and competes for shortened URLs alongside the bloggers they deride under their breath.

Sash - May 6th, 2009 at 3:30 am PDT
...to think that Steve is not clued up enough to realize the only way to effectively track keywords on twitter is through RSS is unbelievable. i guess he just sits in front of his TweetDeck and watches the feed full time, haha !

Farnham - May 6th, 2009 at 6:42 am PDT
Maybe separate client RSS Readers are dead, or unnecessary, since RSS is part of all browsers and most portals, but RSS dead? Might as well say HTML is dead. Not used as standalone much, but RSS and HTML and XML are some of the bones needed to keep the sexier stuff (and fluff) from collapsing on the floor as a glob of amorphous, gelatinous goop. Flame rating - 5

"Your webmail is less under your control than it would be if you downloaded your mail to your computer. If you use Salesforce.com, you're relying on that company to keep your data private. If you use Google Docs, you're relying on Google. This is why the Electronic Privacy Information Center recently filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission: many of us are relying on Google's security, but we don't know what it is. This is new. Twenty years ago, if someone wanted to look through your correspondence, he had to break into your house. Now, he can just break into your ISP. Ten years ago, your voicemail was on an answering machine in your office; now it's on a computer owned by a telephone company. Your financial accounts are on remote websites protected only by passwords; your credit history is collected, stored, and sold by companies you don't even know exist."

Ted

If someone wants their information, even on a profile, to be private, they should be able to. It's theirs! Who can tell someone else what's public or private?

Chris Butler

One thing that Vanessa Grigoriadis points out in her article is that Facebook has the most sophisticated privacy controls of any social network before it. But what I think is the point here is that, with the MySpace court case, the user chose to post certain information on their profile. It was only when that information got them into trouble that the user wanted it to be "private." The point is that you can't have something be public and then take back its "public-ness" after it becomes incriminating. To your last point ("it's theirs"), Grigoriadis also points out that all that content you upload to your Facebook account is NOT yours anymore. It belongs to Facebook!

"When you have something on the computer in your house, it is protected by the Fourth Amendment. If you put something on a computer owned by Facebook, it is not protected by the Fourth Amendment. It is only protected in some cases—email has a law that protects email and medical data has a law that protects medical data, and there are laws governing banking records. Specific laws protect certain types of data, but by changing the way we do computing so that all of our data is stored in the cloud we are effectively moving all of our personal data out of our houses and into big data warehouses, and we are erasing a line from the Bill of Rights.We may decide that we want to do that, but I want to make sure that we do not do it casually."

"This isn't a technological problem; it's a legal problem. The courts need to recognize that in the information age, virtual privacy and physical privacy don't have the same boundaries."

Thanks for sharing all this data. Do you have a longer range of data for your newsletter tracking? I'm interested in speculating the reasons the numbers vary so widely.

So, I decided to put together all the tracking data from the past two years to see if any trends emerged among the relationships between the day of the week and the time of day on which we sent our newsletter out, and the amount of readers that actually clicked the 'read more' link in the email. In the graph above (click it to view the full size image), each month from the past two years is shown across the horizontal axis. Along the vertical, the day of the week is represented by the green lines, the time of day (AM from 12 down to the bottom, PM from 12 up to the top) by the blue lines, and the tracking numbers are in black and plotted along the black jagged line. The darker gray vertical bars are highlighting three particular points I want to look at...

The first thing that stands out is that our highest tracking number came in January, 2008 for our newsletter about Gmail. What's really strange, though, is that we sent out this email on a Sunday at 4:30pm! That stands against the general wisdom, which says to send out your newsletters mid-week at around 10am.

You can see that our next highest point, in terms of the tracking numbers, came in January of 2009 for our newsletter on how to use Google Analytics. This time around, we followed that conventional wisdom and sent out the email on a Thursday at 10am.

Finally, it's interesting to look at a recent low point too. Our lowest tracking numbers in the past year and a half came in October, 2008, for our newsletter on managing your online reputation. It seems pretty clear that sending out the email on a Friday at 8am was not a smart move. The fact that it was Halloween probably only compounded the mistake.

One other metric that the graph doesn't show is the topic of the newsletter. I've wondered before if there might be a relationship between clickthrough rate and the topic (more appealing topics being read more, less appealing topics being read less). After looking at this, I'm still not sure if there's a trend to identify, but some correspondences do make sense. For example, the most popular one shown was the one about Gmail. At the time, Gmail was still new to a lot of people, but getting a lot of press. Maybe many of our readers were interested in maybe starting to use Gmail. On the other hand, the topic of online reputation management was a bit on the fringe, so I wasn't terribly surprised at the low numbers there, especially given when I sent it out. Lastly, Google Analytics was a red-hot topic, so I very much expected this newsletter to get a lot of interest. This is something I'll be interested in keeping an eye on.

"There is after all another option. We may give up extensive growth for an intensive bond. This may be the time to say "ok, let's build a better connection with our community." I mean, that's the business we're in. That's what we're for. And who is to say that intensive "growth" is not better than extensive growth. MySpace has yet to find a way to pay, but perhaps it has yet to produce right amount or kind of value. And this may be the outcome of an intensive strategy. It's early days. The logic of capitalism and new media will continue to bump up against one another in this way. Corporations will eventually begin to think more intelligently about the new creature in its midst. Just not yet.

"We realized that the message is increasingly out of our control and that we have to roll with it," Mr. De La Garza said. "For us it all rests on the quality of this product. We've all driven the Fiesta, and we felt so confident about the car that we could start this. We're going to allow people to tell the story [of the Fiesta] from their lives."

"You don't find anything out until you start showing it to people... Humans are really interesting. If you show them your idea in the prototype form, very few people will tell you all the things they think are right with it. But everybody will tell you all the things that are wrong with it. So you just write down, you copiously take notes about all those things and you fix them. And the next time you show up you have all those things fixed. It doesn't take very many times before you have a product that's delighting the people that you're making it for. And so, we call this enlightened trial and error."

"Twitter is much more than the collective musings of the tech-savvy elite. It’s a window into the public mind... Since the service tugs at our innermost navel-gazing, Vanity Smurf — by asking us to share whatever we’re thinking about — the flood of messages can deliver surprising insights into the digital pulse... As one friend and longtime devotee described it, Twitter is also a self-propagating recommendation engine. By carefully selecting which users and companies to follow, you can tailor a stream of steadily refreshed news that appeals to you, much better than any Google algorithm could."

"...But taken collectively, the stream of messages can turn Twitter into a surprisingly useful tool for solving problems and providing insights into the digital mood. By tapping into the world’s collective brain, researchers of all kinds have found that if they make the effort to dig through the mundane comments, the live conversations offer an early glimpse into public sentiment — and even help them shape it.

Soon, machines could twitter as much as people. Corey Menscher, a graduate student at New York University, developed the Kickbee, an elastic band with vibration sensors that his pregnant wife wore to alert Twitter each time the baby kicked: “I kicked Mommy at 08:52 PM on Fri, Jan 2!” Mr. Menscher is now considering selling the product.

Pairing sensors with Twitter leads some to think Twitter could be used to send home security alerts or tell doctors when a patient’s blood sugar or heart rate climbs too high. In the aggregate, such real-time data streams could aid medical researchers.

Already doctors use Twitter to ask for help and share information about procedures. At Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, surgeons and residents twittered throughout a recent operation to remove a brain tumor from a 47-year-old man who has seizures. "

"A coworker recently said to me, 'I just can't seem to keep up. I feel like I'm falling behind technologically.' I can completely relate to that. It seems like every day that I run across some new idea and discover that it's not really that new- it's been discussed, blogged, shown in videos, etc. all over the internet, and I can start to trace the development of it over various sources as I try to catch up. Sometimes it's totally overwhelming."

"First of all, this is something that Emerson says that I quote in the article. He says that you need to not travel all the time in other people’s opinions. If you want to be able to think for yourself, if you want to be able to have original thoughts, which is not only good for you, but good for all of us, that we have people who are thinking creatively, you need to get away from other people’s opinions, other people’s values also, so you can chart your own direction. I think that’s the first value of solitude.

I also think we live such connected lives, such networked lives, that in a way, that’s a little harder to define. We lose a sense of our own integrity or our own selfhood. In the article, where I quote a passage or refer to a passage from Mrs. Dalloway from Virginia Woolf’s novel. The heroine, Mrs. Dalloway, goes up into her room in the middle of this very busy day of hers and just looks in the mirror and gathers herself together and remember who she is apart from her husband and the friend she’s inviting to her party and the busy London streets that she’s just been walking through, and very happily walking through. But she needs that time to, as I say, gather herself into herself. I think that’s another thing we lose when we lose solitude."

"I think that we are training our nervous systems to expect a certain and a certain kind of stimulation and I think it’s a kind of addiction, and...I’m not using that as a metaphor. Every time I check my email, I‘m looking for a little packet of pleasure that gets delivered when I get an email. I feel like I’m a rat with an electrode planted in my brain, stimulating myself... Rats will do that 2, 000 times an hour if this stimulus is pleasurable...

It’s because it’s this kind of addiction, and I think that when it’s withdrawn, we become anxious. But I think you’re right to be anxious about your anxiety because it suggests that we’re - my God! We’re losing the ability to do, or at least comfortably do, all kinds of things that really should be normal and natural and comfortable for us, like reading."

"...we're empowering a new era of personal recognition and fulfillment that extracts an unconditioned human response and shapes its unpredictable course and behavior over time... Some remain grounded while others immerse themselves into the never-ending chase of Internet fame and intellectual fortune. Either way, we're forever impacted by the sweet taste of significance that was previously only attainable by an elite few. In the process of adapting and cultivating personal communities, we lose a bit of who we are and adopt an aura of who we want to be."

“Connectivity is poverty” was how a friend of mine summarized [Bruce] Sterling’s bold theme. Only the poor — defined broadly as those without better options — are obsessed with their connections. Anyone with a strong soul or a fat wallet turns his ringer off for good and cultivates private gardens that keep the hectic Web far away. The man of leisure, Sterling suggested, savors solitude, or intimacy with friends, presumably surrounded by books and film and paintings and wine and vinyl — original things that stay where they are and cannot be copied and corrupted and shot around the globe with a few clicks of a keyboard.

Nice, right? The implications of Sterling’s idea are painful for Twitter types. The connections that feel like wealth to many of us — call us the impoverished, we who treasure our smartphones and tally our Facebook friends — are in fact meager, more meager even than inflated dollars. What’s worse, these connections are liabilities that we pretend are assets. We live on the Web in these hideous conditions of overcrowding only because — it suddenly seems so obvious — we can’t afford privacy. And then, lest we confront our horror, we call this cramped ghetto our happy home!

"Maybe the truth is that I wish I could get out of this place and live as I imagine some nondigital or predigital writers do: among family and friends, in big, beautiful houses, with precious, irreplaceable objects."

...by accident seems to be the mechanism, and so, we're already there. So now we're struggling through what to do about it. Templeton is warning that as we continue to settle in to our current way of being, our decisions will be critical to establishing the degree or extremity of the situation. How much privacy do we want and what do we want that to mean. If we just assume that all of these issues will work themselves out, we could end up in a world of hurt.

"we could end up having made critical decisions in regard to privacy based upon benefits we see and experience now (i.e. free productivity tools, ease of use, compatibility, etc.) that may only have severely negative ramifications later. Perhaps another way of saying this is that we need to take a longer view of decisions like these, bearing in mind a potential cause and effect chain of events that may be two to three steps removed from the immediate result."

...the issue was more a matter of a kind of pre-rational emotion than any legalistic parsing of rights. What people put up on Facebook was themselves: their personhood, their social worlds, what makes them distinctive and singular... I’m not sure that we can take ourselves out once we’ve put ourselves on there. We have changed the nature of the graph by our very presence, which facilitates connections between our disparate groups of friends, who now know each other. “If you leave Facebook, you can remove data objects, like photographs, but it’s a complete impossibility that you can control all of your data,” says Fred Stutzman, a teaching fellow studying social networks at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “Facebook can’t promise it, and no one can promise it. You can’t remove yourself from the site because the site has, essentially, been shaped by you.”

Kubrick dreamed of villains like this: nerds in fleece, controlling the information, calling their cult a family. It was an image, a kind of inchoate anxiety about the future, rather than anything you could put your finger on. In many conversations with privacy experts, it was hard to see what, specifically, was upsetting them so much; part of their strategy is clearly to pressure the big dog to set good policies now, so that others follow them later. Twenty years down the road, as algorithms and filtering mechanisms are significantly stronger and we’ve moved from PCs to home monitors with information stored in remote locations—“the cloud”—we will entrust ever more of ourselves to large data centers, many of which are already built around the Columbia River. Facebook already has tens of thousands of servers in a few data centers throughout the country, but this pales in comparison to Microsoft’s facility in Quincy, Washington: Their data center is the area of ten football fields, 1.5 metric tons of batteries for backup power, and 48 megawatts of electricity, enough to power 40,000 homes. An uncanny simulacrum of your life has been created on the web. It may not be too hyperbolic to talk about a digital self, as a fourth addition to mind, body, and spirit. It’s not the kind of thing that one wants to give away.

I went to the Customer Service office. There, a genial woman named Karen became my new best friend. She immediately began coordinating a multi-city search and rescue operation. Before I even finished explaining the situation, she was on the phone with an agent in New Haven to make arrangements for someone to dash onto the train and look for the device during the brief stopover there. She called the lost phone about a dozen times in hopes that someone would answer. At some point, a man did answer. His name was Mark and he was a conductor on the train. He promised that he would get the phone back to New York safely that evening. Karen’s liaison in New Haven organized a complicated hot handoff across the platform between Mark and a conductor southbound train. About four hours after I’d got off the train without, an Amtrak conductor walked up to me in Penn Station with a sealed envelope containing the lost phone. It was carefully bubble-wrapped...

It was an impressive operation in both a human and organizational sense. After all, Amtrak hadn’t done anything wrong – I’d just been a nitwit left an expensive thing sitting on seat in an empty train car. But about five or six very kind and competent employees really put themselves out to make up for that mistake.

"You are guaranteed success if you can break through the status quo and help create change within the agency; if you can practice craftsmanship at the highest level; and if you've got the operational genius to help people get the work done and still make it home for dinner."

I have come to think that online comments are a terrific addition to the conversation and that journalists need to take them seriously. Comments provide a forum for readers to complain about what they see as unfairness or inaccuracy in an article (and too often they have a point), to talk to each other (sometimes in an uncivilized manner) and, yes, to bloviate...I believe that it is useful to be reminded bluntly that the dark forces are out there and that it is too easy to forget that truth by imposing rules that obscure it. As Oscar Wilde wrote in a different context, "Man is least in himself when he talks in his own person. Give him a mask, and he will tell you the truth." Too many of us like to think that we have made great progress in human relations and that little remains to be done. Unmoderated comments provide an antidote to such ridiculous conclusions. It's not like the rest of us don't know those words and hear them occasionally, depending on where we choose to tread, but most of us don't want to have to confront them.

One of the things that I am concerned about is erasing the Fourth Amendment. For those who do not know, the Fourth Amendment is the line in the Bill of Rights that mostly relates to privacy. It says that you have the right be secure in your person, papers and effects, and people need a warrant to search your house or search your papers. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court and other courts of the United States have ruled that this wonderful Fourth Amendment does not apply when data is in the hands of third parties.

When you have something on the computer in your house, it is protected by the Fourth Amendment. If you put something on a computer owned by Facebook, it is not protected by the Fourth Amendment. It is only protected in some cases—email has a law that protects email and medical data has a law that protects medical data, and there are laws governing banking records. Specific laws protect certain types of data, but by changing the way we do computing so that all of our data is stored in the cloud we are effectively moving all of our personal data out of our houses and into big data warehouses, and we are erasing a line from the Bill of Rights.We may decide that we want to do that, but I want to make sure that we do not do it casually.

"I think these privacy issues really snuck up on people. We all got used to email, probably with a false sense of privacy. But services like Gmail just make the lack of privacy with email more plain. When you sent an email using AOL or some other service, it was easy to overlook the fact that your words were being passed through many servers and could easily be seen by other people (assuming people cared enough to hack it). Now, seeing ads along side your email makes it much more obvious that your email is not as much 'yours' as you thought."

Now here are three quick threats to keep you up at night. First of all, time traveling robots from the future. I actually don’t mean the governor of California. The time traveling robots from the future that I am talking about are all of the people in this room who are working on AI... You are going to get better at face recognition, speech recognition, identifying people from their voices and so on. Those AIs from the future are going to be able to come into the past—not literally...—but metaphorically in that they will be able to search all of these databases that we build now with better tools. They will be able to look at all the video that is being recorded today and all the ATM machines you used and say, 'Where was Brad on February 7 of 2009? Oh, our modern face recognition software can look through those old records and find out.' The sins of the past will be visited upon you in the future with tools that you did not know existed. The sins of the future will also be different from the sins of the past. You are doing really nasty things today that you don’t know are going to be very unpopular in the future, like Thomas Jefferson owning slaves, and stuff like that. I hope none of you own slaves.

All the technology we build is going to be used, starting here in the free society, but also gets deployed to China, Saudi Arabia and Future China... Imagine if Facebook had existed ten years ago and Falun Gong, the Chinese religion, had been on Facebook. It’s kind of a wacky religion, but that does not justify what has been done to them. If they had been on Facebook and everyone in the religion had connections to all their friends, when the Chinese government decided to round up everyone in Falun Gong, all they would have had to do is look at the social network. I imagine the next time the Chinese do want to round up some people, they can go into a social network."

MagCloud has similarities to LuLu.com as well; basically, you upload your finished magazine as a PDF file, which MagCloud then lists in its catalogue for no charge. When a customer wants a copy, they log in, pay the cost… and get a printed version made especially for them... I’ll go one step further - there are server-side software engines that can be used to stitch together PDFs from HTML files, so you could allow your reader to custom-build a magazine to their own specifications from your stock of stories and articles, and then buy a unique printed version.

"If indeed a new era of global responsibility has come into being with measures that actually restrain banks and isolate tax havens, it may be time for the planet's dominant economic powers to focus on the destructive, anti-civic forces of the internet...Google is in the final analysis a parasite that creates nothing, merely offering little aggregation, lists and the ordering of information generated by people who have invested their capital, skill and time."

This issue, in all its various forms, isn’t going to go away. Book Search, Street View and many of Google’s other offerings simply bulldoze existing ideas of how things are and how they should be done. I was highly critical of Gmail when it first came in, on the grounds that the superbly effective mail system came at the unacceptable price of allowing Google to scan all emails and place text ads. But I soon began using it, because it was free, and because it’s such good software, and because I frankly never noticed the ads...Then about a month ago my hard drive suddenly crashed, and my backup, while it saved photos and music, failed to restore my work archive. I was facing a gigantic bill for a by-no-means guaranteed hard drive recovery, when it occurred to me that every piece I’d ever sent by email might, just might . . . and sure enough there it was on Gmail. A copy of everything I’d ever written for publication, and everything else I’d ever emailed too. It’s the kind of thing a big brother might do, help you in ways which make you feel simultaneously relieved and resentful."

Porter says not a word about Google’s role as an economic fountainhead of online innovation and creativity. He simply dismisses Google as “delinquent and sociopathic.” One might dismiss Porter as just another crank in the “Long Tail of Googlephobia,” but his 188-year-old newspaper, The Guardian, is among the world’s most respected. With a circulation 1/3 that of the New York Times and 1/2 that of The Washington Post (in a nation five times smaller than the U.S.), The Guardian is serious when it claims to be “the world’s leading liberal voice.”

Any competitor that wants to get the same legal immunity Google is getting will have to take the same steps Google did: start scanning books without the publishers’ and authors’ permission, get sued by authors and publishers as a class, and then negotiate a settlement.

"Small companies with low overhead, reliable owners, a small number of committed employees, personal client relationships, and sustainable business models that drive a reasonable profit are the great opportunity of our time."

"What better time to point out the advantages of being a smaller firm than right now. All the more so since we have this strange obsession with growth, captured in phrases like 'if you aren’t growing, you’re dying.' You can’t fit deep thinking on a bumper sticker, and that looks like a bumper sticker to me."

• Gmail emails, attachments, and tasks
• Google Calendar events and comments
• Google Docs
• Google Reader profile information, blog posts and comments
• Picasa profile information, albums, pictures and comments
• Google Books profile information, book listings, tags, and reviews
• Google Maps profile information, saved locations, and reviews
• Google Analytics data
• del.icio.us tags and links
• Facebook posts, comments, messages, pictures and videos
• LinkedIn profile information, documents, recommendations, questions, answers, and comments
• Twitter profile information, tweets and direct messages
• Viddler.com profile information and videos
• Flickr profile information, images, tags, and comments
• Goodreads profile information, book listings, tags, comments and reviews
• Slideshare profile information, presentation and comments
• Tumblr profile information, posts, pictures, and audio files
• Archive.org profile information and audio files
• StumbleUpon profile information and links
• Digg.com profile information and links

I was particularly surprised to learn that Google rented all its data-center space until 2005, when it built its first center. That implies that The Dalles, Oregon, plant (shown in the photo above) was the company's first official data smelter. Each of Google's containers holds 1,160 servers, and the facility's original server building had 45 containers, which means that it probably was running a total of around 52,000 servers. Since The Dalles plant has three server buildings, that means - and here I'm drawing a speculative conclusion - that it might be running around 150,000 servers altogether.

"We’re collectively living through 1500, when it’s easier to see what’s broken than what will replace it. The internet turns 40 this fall. Access by the general public is less than half that age. Web use, as a normal part of life for a majority of the developed world, is less than half that age. We just got here. Even the revolutionaries can’t predict what will happen.

Imagine, in 1996, asking some net-savvy soul to expound on the potential of craigslist, then a year old and not yet incorporated. The answer you’d almost certainly have gotten would be extrapolation: “Mailing lists can be powerful tools”, “Social effects are intertwining with digital networks”, blah blah blah. What no one would have told you, could have told you, was what actually happened: craiglist became a critical piece of infrastructure. Not the idea of craigslist, or the business model, or even the software driving it. Craigslist itself spread to cover hundreds of cities and has become a part of public consciousness about what is now possible. Experiments are only revealed in retrospect to be turning points.

In craigslist’s gradual shift from ‘interesting if minor’ to ‘essential and transformative’, there is one possible answer to the question “If the old model is broken, what will work in its place?” The answer is: Nothing will work, but everything might. Now is the time for experiments, lots and lots of experiments, each of which will seem as minor at launch as craigslist did, as Wikipedia did, as octavo volumes did."

"Those who think the farthest win...What is going on today is that there is a sort of race. You know how there are two types of fools, one who says 'this is old and therefore good,' and the other who says 'this is new and therefore better.' They are saying it is a race between those who love technology and those who hate technology. I think the race today for civilization is a race between people who think the farthest."

"The future is always a mix of revolutionary change and evolutionary continuity--and sometimes regressions are in there too. Unlike the Star Trek view of the consistent future, many of today's trend-setters enjoy gaming on iPhones and organic gardening."
Kevin McCullagh, Plan

Finally, you might claim that we simply can't control the way employers use the Web to screen candidates, so we might as well play it safe, especially right now, in this employer's market. You're right: We can't control the way employers use the Web, but we can control how we use it. We can reclaim the Web and Web 2.0 technologies as instruments that create community and promote free speech as opposed to instruments that help corporations (and governments) monitor people's behavior.

Americans enjoy a right to privacy even though it's not technically protected by the Constitution. Employers that exploit the free, open nature of the Web to snoop into and judge people's personal lives infringe on everyone's privacy. Their actions also verge on discrimination.

"In 1996, Americans with Internet access spent fewer than 30 minutes a month surfing the Web, according to Steve Coffey, who's now the chief research officer of the market research firm the NPD Group. (Today, we spend about 27 hours a month online, according to Nielsen.) In the mid-'90s, Coffey was working in the R&D department at NPD. He and his colleagues had long ago perfected ways to estimate audience sizes on TV and in print, and they wondered if they could port their ideas to the Web. They came up with something called PC Meter: A focus group of a few thousand people installed an application that would silently track everything they did online, and then Coffey and his colleagues would analyze the data. (Traffic ranking firms still use essentially the same methodology.) The NPD Group spun off Coffey's work into a new company called Media Metrix. In January 1996, the firm published what seems to be the first independent ranking of the top sites online...

If the Web was so completely different just a decade ago, what will become of it in the next decade? When we look back, will we laugh at how taken we were with YouTube—ooh, you can watch everyone's home movies!—and puzzle over how Google missed the rise of the Web-searching technology that suddenly sprang up to vanquish it? Maybe. On the other hand, some parts of the Web have become so deeply ingrained in the culture that it's hard to imagine any force killing them outright. In 2020, we'll get the Internet over electronic ink scrolls powered by algae or something—but we'll probably still be spending a lot of time reading Wikipedia."

"It would be tempting to just chuck the computer out the window (and there were rumors of professors doing just that in the early days of e-mail). But Facebook, like e-mail, yields more pros than cons, so the trick is to learn to master it rather than ignore it. That's according to Nicole B. Ellison, an assistant professor at Michigan State University, who spent the past three years researching student behavior on Facebook, and who uses it herself. 'There's tremendous potential with these social networks for developing relationships and being exposed to different perspectives,' she says. They are particularly well suited to academic work, where researchers need to keep up with a number of far-flung colleagues.

Just don't forget that what you say on Facebook is often flung far, and you should work to control, or at least be aware of, who your audience is.

'Once faculty read this story, many of them will immediately go and check their privacy settings' on Facebook, said Ms. Ellison.

Here's what you should check: Under 'Settings,' look for the 'Privacy' section. Click on 'Profile' to control who can see your pages. The default is to share with anyone on your network — many professors join the network for their college, but some might choose the one for the city where they live — along with anyone marked as a 'friend.' You may want to change that setting to 'Only Friends,' to keep out others who happen to be on your network."

"This is an eternal truth about TV. I like to say that the only thing more popular than television is hating television. Americans love to watch television and they universally believe that they're destroying themselves by watching TV. There seems to be no contradiction in that for them."

"My friend Lizzie, who is an actual poet, is a terrific, prolific updater. Her updates are often the kind of lyrical blast — T. S. Eliot’s “HURRY UP PLEASE IT’S TIME” was a recent post — that might get stuck in your head with no place to go. Sure enough, she has a great theory of the update, which she explained to me in a note on Facebook:

'Unlike ALL other walks of life, status updates are the appropriate places for spontaneous bursts of joy and being. You shouldn’t do it at work, you shouldn’t do it in the middle of a conversation, you shouldn’t do it on the street, you shouldn’t turn to a stranger on the bus, you shouldn’t leave it on someone’s cellphone. But on this grand constantly updating Christmas card that we are all free to access or withdraw from at any time, we FINALLY have a polite space for My sponge smells like a hot dog.'

"We often confuse information with the form that it takes"

(It's a pretty big digression from the point of this post, but the following short video explains this concept well.)

"One of history's ironies is that hypertext — an embedded Web link that refers you to another page or site — had been invented by Ted Nelson in the early 1960s with the goal of enabling micropayments for content. He wanted to make sure that the people who created good stuff got rewarded for it. In his vision, all links on a page would facilitate the accrual of small, automatic payments for whatever content was accessed. Instead, the Web got caught up in the ethos that information wants to be free. Others smarter than we were had avoided that trap. For example, when Bill Gates noticed in 1976 that hobbyists were freely sharing Altair BASIC, a code he and his colleagues had written, he sent an open letter to members of the Homebrew Computer Club telling them to stop. 'One thing you do is prevent good software from being written,' he railed. 'Who can afford to do professional work for nothing?'"

The easy Internet ad dollars of the late 1990s enticed newspapers and magazines to put all of their content, plus a whole lot of blogs and whistles, onto their websites for free. But the bulk of the ad dollars has ended up flowing to groups that did not actually create much content but instead piggybacked on it: search engines, portals and some aggregators.

Another group that benefits from free journalism is Internet service providers. They get to charge customers $20 to $30 a month for access to the Web's trove of free content and services. As a result, it is not in their interest to facilitate easy ways for media creators to charge for their content. Thus we have a world in which phone companies have accustomed kids to paying up to 20 cents when they send a text message but it seems technologically and psychologically impossible to get people to pay 10 cents for a magazine, newspaper or newscast."

"But I don't think that subscriptions will solve everything — nor should they be the only way to charge for content. A person who wants one day's edition of a newspaper or is enticed by a link to an interesting article is rarely going to go through the cost and hassle of signing up for a subscription under today's clunky payment systems...Under a micropayment system, a newspaper might decide to charge a nickel for an article or a dime for that day's full edition or $2 for a month's worth of Web access. Some surfers would balk, but I suspect most would merrily click through if it were cheap and easy enough."

But news isn't what it used to be: by the time a paper arrives in the morning it's already stale. As written communication has evolved from long letter to short text message, news has largely shifted from thoughtful to spontaneous. The old-fashioned static news article is now just a starting point, inciting back-and-forth debate that often results in a more balanced and detailed assessment. And the old-fashioned business model of bundled news, where the classifieds basically subsidized a lot of the high-quality reporting on the front page, has been thoroughly disrupted.

This is a problem, but since online journalism is still in its relative infancy it's one that can be solved (we're technology optimists, remember?). The experience of consuming news on the web today fails to take full advantage of the power of technology. It doesn't understand what users want in order to give them what they need. When I go to a site like the New York Times or the San Jose Mercury, it should know what I am interested in and what has changed since my last visit. If I read the story on the US stimulus package only six hours ago, then just show me the updates the reporter has filed since then (and the most interesting responses from readers, bloggers, or other sources). If Thomas Friedman has filed a column since I last checked, tell me that on the front page. Beyond that, present to me a front page rich with interesting content selected by smart editors, customized based on my reading habits (tracked with my permission). Browsing a newspaper is rewarding and serendipitous, and doing it online should be even better. This will not by itself solve the newspapers' business problems, but our heritage suggests that creating a superior user experience is the best place to start.

"All in all, Facebook infections look remarkably similar to human ones. And like organisms, the odds do seem stacked against all but the fittest of memes. The 'Notes' application—including the ability to tags friends—has been a feature of Facebook since August 2006, a Facebook spokeswoman told me on Tuesday. (The PR rep also confirmed that Facebook itself had no part in sparking the trend.) The fact that it took two-and-a-half years for a Notes-based meme to hit it big suggests long odds.

Still, viral marketers might take note of the patterns that '25 Random Things About Me' obeyed. The best hope for someone looking to start a grass-roots craze is to introduce a wide variety of schemes into the wild and pray like hell that one of them evolves into a virulent meme. If evolution is any guide, however, there's no predicting what succeeds and what doesn't. Just look at the platypus."

"The web has yet to figure out how to show great illustration on the web. PLEASE PROVE ME WRONG if you disagree. I want to see those great sites that elevate illustration like paper does. Is it kind of ironic for me to suggest that since my main method of distribution is online? Maybe, but I also think it’s a worthy challenge to strive for."

"the semantic web amounts to the introduction of a descriptive layer of particularly ornate content the traversal of which facilitates the discovery, interpretation and use of the content resources that people access and use."

"The word semantic refers to 'meaning.' Semantically aware content is content that has been tagged with metadata to identify the kind of content within it. For example, you might tag your content with industry, role or audience, and product. If the content is tagged with semantic metadata, it is possible to automatically build customized information sets based on audience or industry, for example.

As more organizations start to create personalized content (content which is dynamically assembled upon user request that specifically matches a users need or user profile), this type of metadata becomes extremely important.

In addition, as content is pushed to wikis, integrated through 'mashups' or 'pipes,' it becomes even more important to ensure our content is semantically tagged. Without semantic metadata, it’s difficult to automatically, let alone manually, find the content we need."

"Daphna Oyserman, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan, asked inner-city junior-high children in Detroit what kind of future they would like to have, what difficulties they anticipated along the way, how they might deal with them and which of their friends would be most helpful in coping. After only a few such exercises in life planning, the children improved their performance on standardized academic tests, and the number who were required to repeat a grade dropped by more than half."

"With all these data that I can merge together by day, I can build a huge data set that, with time, will have lots of predictive power and should allow me to learn things about myself that are not obvious at the surface."

We're trying to do the same thing with our internal resourcing tools. We've integrated our timesheet system with the rest of our admin tools, which allows me to query our database to get up-to-date statistics on how much time everyone on staff has spent on any account, and break up the report by person or category. This is obviously helpful when trying to determine if we are still within budget on a project, but we can also use it for predictive purposes, too (just like Wehr can personally). In fact, it was this kind of data that helped us to adjust our project pricing by adding percentages to account for the amounts of time spent by project management staff - we saw that project managers were consistently spending an additional 10% of the project budget once a site went live in order to deal with final tweaks, adjustments and other kinds of support. We now fold that in to the initial budget so we don't have to nickle and dime our clients right after what should be a positive event- the go-live for a site.

Below is a visualization of my own time data from mid-October until today (I listed the breakdown by category underneath the graph). I chose mid-October because we started using a tweaked version of our system then, so I didn't want to include a mix of data from the new and old system. This data is a bit skewed since I took a couple of weeks off for Christmas, but in general it shows a clear breakdown of my time across 14 different internal categories:



1. admin: .50 hours/0%
2. bug: 7.5 hours/1%
3. design application: 1.0 hours/0%
4. design creation: 1.0 hours/0%
5. off: 87.4 hours/16%
6. office: 109.25 hours/20%
7. prototype: 9.25 hours/2%
8. Q.A.: .25 hours/0%
9. resourcing: 117.25 hours/21%
10. sales: .75 hours/0%
11. service: 199.55 hours/36%
12. support: 1.25 hours/0%
13. upgrades: 19.5 hours/3%
14. whitescreen: 2.25 hours/0%

At first I was pretty surprised by the fact that I had logged 199.6 hours in the "service" category, but then I remembered that any internal strategic time I spend (writing newsletters, marketing, meeting with others about the direction of the company, blogging, etc.) is logged as service time toward our company (as apposed to a client). I dug a bit deeper and saw that about 90% of that "service" total is actually my Newfangled strategy time. This aligns much more with my sense for how I spend my time here.

"When it comes to the environmental impact of communication media, print is usually singled out as the dirty old man. It is understandable why that should be. In the shiny, weightless online world, everything happens in the twinkling of an eye and it is possible to instantly view a Web page or email created on the other side of the world... The technology is easy to use – and makes it easy to forget that there is a huge infrastructure humming away behind the scenes... By contrast, the physicality of the printed page shows rather than hides the resources that went into providing the paper that supports the design. Every time we turn the page of a magazine or pick up a book, it reminds us of the raw materials and energy that have gone into its production...

Environmental considerations alone will not kill print or online communication, but a better understanding of each medium’s sustainability strengths and weaknesses can help to make better-balanced decisions about which to use and how. It may be that environmental, ergonomic and physiological factors all move in the same direction, so that the more time you are going to spend reading and the more complex the information, the better it is to read from paper – from the point of view of your planet, your eyesight and your reading pleasure.

For readers who do not want to be harried and distracted by online chatter, perhaps we may yet see a Slow Information movement akin to the Slow Food movement; both are better for the digestion, and better for the world."

"And yet television stands out as the one old-media business with surprising resilience. Though we are spending a record amount of time online, including a record amount of time watching video, we are also watching record amounts of very old-fashioned television, according to Nielsen Media Research. Our attachment to the medium, of course, is obscured by the splintering of our attention across so many cable offerings, in addition to the major networks.

Why is the newspaper business losing readers at an accelerated rate while television viewership is stronger than ever? Here’s a speculative idea: A tipping point has been passed in the competition between print and screen that has been under way since the beginnings of broadcast TV and now continues with video and other media.

Consumers are increasingly avoiding newspapers — and books, too — because the text mode is now used so infrequently that it can feel like a burden. People are showing a clear preference for a fully formed video experience that comes ready to play on a screen, requiring nothing but our passive attention."

"As enamored as advertisers are with the interactive potential of digital advertising, they know that online is a complement to offline, not its replacement. “With television, it’s easier to get a large audience in one fell swoop,” said Shane Ankeney, an executive with the advertising agency TBWA/Chiat/Day.

Consider that the average American household consists of 2.7 persons and contains 2.9 television sets, in front of which we sit for record-setting spells, according to Nielsen figures. In the quarter ended Sept. 30, the typical American watched 142 hours of television monthly, up about five hours from the same quarter the previous year. Internet use averaged more than 27 hours monthly, an increase of an hour and a half, according to Nielsen.

We are so smitten with screens that we often can’t bear to choose one over another: 31 percent of Internet use occurs while we’re in front of a TV set. We are also taking an interest in watching video on our phones: 100 million handsets are video-capable."

"The lack of an equivalent to the Dewey decimal system on the Internet is a different matter. While it is true that experienced Internet users can eventually find what they're looking for, [Clifford] Stoll and other critics insist that it takes more expertise and time than Internet enthusiasts are willing to admit. This point of contention may eventually be answered by software developments that are still just blips on the horizon. But such a development, according to many experts, including both Internet boosters and doubters, is likely to have to await a formalized method for paying royalties to those who self-publish on the Internet. Bill Gates is sure this can be managed down the line, but as things stand there are still vast legal tangles to be resolved concerning payment to original authors whose work is published by major companies, let alone compensation for self-publishing."

• ...given enough information?
• ...given enough resources?
• ...given enough time?
• ...given enough effort?

"Big world-changing ideas have had three cycles. The first cycle was that you could change the world by building a factory the way Henry Ford did. If you could put productive people to work and make money producing something that made change, then people like Henry Ford and Andy Grove could cause world-changing things to occur.

The second cycle had to do with advertising and TV and media and promotion. The idea that if you talked about an idea enough and pushed it on people enough, it could change the world.

The third idea, the one that I think is really available to a large number of people now without a lot of resources, is this idea of finding and connecting like-minded people and leading them to a place they want to go. You can use Barack Obama as an example, but you can also use Blake Mycoskie of Tom's Shoes. The internet means geography isn't so important, so if you can find the 1,000 or 5,000 or 50,000 people out there who want to make a certain kind of change and can connect them and show them a path, they want to follow you. And you can use that tribe, that group of people, to make change that matters."

"Just think of all of the skills that, if (like me) you're over 30, you learned years ago, but rarely use now because something else does the job for you. Who needs to learn how to spell when you can use spell-check software? To read a map in the age of sat nav? To be good at math when there are calculators? To remember exactly where that great antiquarian bookstore is in Paris when it's so easy to Google it? Those old skills haven't suddenly become useless, just less useful than they would have been 10 years ago. What have we replaced them with?"

"We've also become more efficient at navigating that daily blizzard of information by ignoring the flotsam to identify the things that matter and then making sense of them. In other words we've trained ourselves to synthesize.

The Internet has helped us. In ye olden days, when we found most of our information on the printed pages of books, newspapers and magazines, it had already been synthesized for us by researchers, writers and editors. That isn't the case on the Internet, which gives us instant access to a seemingly bottomless pit of information that we have to edit ourselves. If you and I keyed the same question into Google, we might eventually find similar answers, but we'd have followed different routes to get there. Flitting from Web site to Web site, we pluck bits and pieces of information from each one, then put them all together. That's why we've become better at synthesizing - we've had to."

"People believe that a text message is “full” of abbreviations, as in the classic c u l8r. In fact, when you collect a corpus of messages and analyze them, the average number of words per message that are abbreviated is around 10 per cent. That means that most words are in standard spelling. This is especially true of messages between adults, now constituting about 80 per cent of all text messages. Organizations such as the stock exchange, colleges, broadcasting stations and political parties (not least, Barack Obama) now routinely text as a means of informing people about things. Some actually ban abbreviations, because of their possible unfamiliarity or ambiguity. Anyone who believes that texting is just for kids is totally out of date.

Hardly any of these abbreviations are new. Several are hundreds of years old. Those adults who object to initialisms such as bbl (’be back later’) forget that, once upon a time, they did the same sort of thing themselves - only without a cell phone. Remember SWALK on the back of an envelope? Or the rebus puzzles in magazines and Christmas annuals such as Y Y U R, Y Y U B…?

There was a hoax school essay produced in 2003 which was entirely written in texting abbreviations. Unfortunately, millions were taken in by it. Such things simply don’t happen. I work a lot with schools, and I often ask teachers to show me examples of textisms in schoolwork. They never can. I think I’ve been shown one example over the past two years, and that was a single instance of rushed writing. I ask the kids themselves would they ever use textisms in their writing. They look at me as if I’m nuts. “Why would you ever want to do that?” said one to me. “That would be stupid.” Quite so. You’d have to be pretty dumb to not see the difference between texting style and essay style. Or, putting this another way, teachers who let kids think the difference doesn’t matter wouldn’t be doing their job. And the same point applies to examinations. I’ve asked many examiners whether they have seen textisms in exam answers. The answer is always no. But ask joe public if kids use textisms in schoolwork and exams, and there is an almost universal yes. It’s extraordinary how these myths take hold of the public imagination.

A further myth is that texting is harming children’s literacy. Well of course, once you see the reality, this myth disappears. What is interesting is the recent research which is showing that the more kids text, the better their literacy scores. This shouldn’t surprise anyone. Reading and writing improve with practice. Texting provides that practice."

"Research (i.e. my Facebook homepage, circa 2:17 p.m. Thursday, January 22, 2009) suggests that Status Updates fall roughly into four categories. 1. Prosaic, or “what I am doing now,” (Jill is baking bread). 2. Informative, or “stuff I found somewhere else” (Jack loves this article from GOOD, followed by URL); 3. Clever and funny (Johnny thinks Obama should be sworn in a few more times, just to be EXTRA safe.; Janey discovered that Michelle Obama’s wardrobe is a divisive topic in water aerobics class, and 4.) Poetic or nonsensical (Josh is watching a parakeet form itself out of ice on the telephone wire; If Jim were a cloud, he would rain Earl Grey tea).

This research leads me to pondering the status of a status update as a literary form, or a form of written expression. Dare we define it?"

"Gerunding is the way to verbify any activity. I’ve been facebooking daily for the past two years. Facebooking refers to any facebook actvity, including updating one’s status. I agree with the author that Status Updates can be categorized, however, I think there are more than four categories. One can write two sentences, one informative and one witty, or any other combination. I’d also like to correct the author of this article. Status updates are in the third person singular: Jill is baking bread. Which makes Status Updates more similar to the news ticker seen on major TV news channels than anything else."

• Boxesandarrows.com
• A List Apart
• Undrln.com
  

"At the exact moment Barack Obama was inaugurated, all traces of President Bush vanished from the White House website, replaced by images of and speeches by his successor. Attached to the website had been a booklet entitled 100 Things Americans May Not Know About the Bush Administration - they may never know them now. When the website changed, the link was broken and the booklet became unavailable.

The 2000 Sydney Olympics was the first truly online games with more 150 websites, but these sites disappeared overnight at the end of the games and the only record is held by the National Library of Australia.

If websites continue to disappear in the same way as those on President Bush and the Sydney Olympics - perhaps exacerbated by the current economic climate that is killing companies - the memory of the nation disappears too. Historians and citizens of the future will find a black hole in the knowledge base of the 21st century.

...People often assume that commercial organisations such as Google are collecting and archiving this kind of material - they are not. The task of capturing our online intellectual heritage and preserving it for the long term falls, quite rightly, to the same libraries and archives that have over centuries systematically collected books, periodicals, newspapers and recordings and which remain available in perpetuity, thanks to these institutions."

"But we no longer live in the modernist city, and our great fear is not submersion by the mass but isolation from the herd. Urbanization gave way to suburbanization, and with it the universal threat of loneliness. What technologies of transportation exacerbated — we could live farther and farther apart — technologies of communication redressed — we could bring ourselves closer and closer together. Or at least, so we have imagined. The first of these technologies, the first simulacrum of proximity, was the telephone. "Reach out and touch someone." But through the 70s and 80s, our isolation grew. Suburbs, sprawling ever farther, became exurbs. Families grew smaller or splintered apart, mothers left the home to work. The electronic hearth became the television in every room. Even in childhood, certainly in adolescence, we were each trapped inside our own cocoon. Soaring crime rates, and even more sharply escalating rates of moral panic, pulled children off the streets. The idea that you could go outside and run around the neighborhood with your friends, once unquestionable, has now become unthinkable. The child who grew up between the world wars as part of an extended family within a tight-knit urban community became the grandparent of a kid who sat alone in front of a big television, in a big house, on a big lot. We were lost in space.

Under those circumstances, the Internet arrived as an incalculable blessing. We should never forget that. It has allowed isolated people to communicate with one another and marginalized people to find one another. The busy parent can stay in touch with far-flung friends. The gay teenager no longer has to feel like a freak. But as the Internet's dimensionality has grown, it has quickly become too much of a good thing. Ten years ago we were writing e-mail messages on desktop computers and transmitting them over dial-up connections. Now we are sending text messages on our cellphones, posting pictures on our Facebook pages, and following complete strangers on Twitter. A constant stream of mediated contact, virtual, notional, or simulated, keeps us wired in to the electronic hive — though contact, or at least two-way contact, seems increasingly beside the point. The goal now, it seems, is simply to become known, to turn oneself into a sort of miniature celebrity. How many friends do I have on Facebook? How many people are reading my blog? How many Google hits does my name generate? Visibility secures our self-esteem, becoming a substitute, twice removed, for genuine connection. Not long ago, it was easy to feel lonely. Now, it is impossible to be alone."

"The sacred cow is the belief that Facebook and Twitter are the premier platforms for this revolution. As those platforms become mainstream, marketers like us turn them into forms of traditional paid media and they become less valuable as social networks. Facebook is already starting to resemble a tacky mall cluttered up with unwanted advertising and promotional noise. As time goes on, I predict that people will want to protect their closest community of friends and will find ways to block out everyone else. They will leave mega networks for smaller, more focused communities. If you really care about the principles of social media, start looking for the next generation of platforms because as far as Facebook and Twitter go, the neighborhood is getting too crowded."

"The pure economics of a physical 'thing' and the pure economics of a piece of information are fundamentally different. When a thing is sold, the seller ceases to own it; when an idea, a tune, or a blueprint is sold, the seller still possesses it and could possibly sell it again. Information can be replicated at almost zero cost without limit; things can be replicated only through the expense of manufacture. Things wear out: their performance deteriorates with wear and tear; information never wears out, although it can become unfashionable, obsolete, or simply untrue. A thing exists in a location and therefore a unique legal jurisdiction; information (as would-be censors and tax authorities are discovering) is nowhere and everywhere.

Some things are subject to diminishing returns: doubling farm labor does not double the output from the land. Some things are subject to increasing returns: big factories have lower unit costs than small factories. Information has perfectly increasing returns: spend the money to learn something once, and that knowledge can be reused at zero additional cost forever; double the number of uses and the cost per use halves."

"In the new economics of information, industries will be deconstructed, but not destroyed; corporations will not become obsolete, but their present business definitions will. Blown to Bits is useful reading for those who want to understand and apply the new sources of competitive advantage."
- Jacques Nasser, President, Ford Motor Company

"'From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.' So did Marx define communism. Outside of narrow kinship or friendship groups, this kind of altruistic sharing of resources has hardly ever been encountered, and it is not difficult to understand why: Such a utopia, however attractive, is quite impractical. Yet with the advent of the new information technologies - and, in particular, of the Web - a limited form of informational 'communism' that no one had predicted has emerged and is fast developing. A vast array of technological, intellectual, and artistic creations, many of them of outstanding quality, are being made freely available to all according to their needs, by individuals working according to the best of their abilities and often seeking self-realization more than recognition. I have in mind the freeware, the wikis, the open-source programs, the open-access documents, the millions of blogs and personal pages, the on-line text, image, and music libraries, the free websites catering to all kinds of needs and constituencies. Who had been optimistic enough to expect not just the existence of this movement, but its expansion, its force, its ability to rival commercial products and major businesses and create new kinds of services - blogs, for instance - of great social and cultural import even if of limited economic value?"

It's really hard to impress anyone with stuff on a screen any more. However clever you've been. However much thought you've put in. However good the tech is. No-one's impressed. They've all seen better stuff in ads and movies anyway - when will onscreen stuff be as good as that? Whereas doing stuff in the real world still seems to delight and impress people. Really simple stuff with objects looks like magic. Really hard stuff with screens still just looks like media.